Research
SAAD COLLEGE OF NURSING AND ALLIED HEALTH SCINCE – UNIVERSITY OF ULESTER
ACDAMIC YEAR 2018-19
Semester one
Assignment Title: Nutrition Knowledge among Young Pregnant Women in Middle East.
Student name: Alreem Ali Alaliwat
ID number: SNC 146046 \ UU ID: B00697863
Cohort: 16 (Year 4 semester 2)
Course Title: B.Sc (Hons) in Nursing Studies
Module Title: Developing a research proposal
Module Code: NUS 585 CRN: 59064
Words Count: 6000
Date: 29/11/2018
Lecturer responsible for unit: Dr. Safia Belal
Table of Contents
3. Education Need for Pregnant Words 7
Procedure of the Main Study 17
Appendix II Participant Leaflet 27
Acknowledgement:
First of all, I am thankful of Allah for helping me to complete this research .
Through this paper, I’m a proud of working with all the participant and I appreciate your efforts that were help and support me especially my lovely husband and my sister Dr.Ghada
Also I would like to give special thanks to Dr.Safiah Bilal , special thanx for here for the kindness, guidance, encouragement, and suggestions du ring writing this study.
Alreem.
Nutrition Knowledge among Young Pregnant Women In Saudi Arabia
Abstract:
Background: Nutrition plays a key role during pregnancy in the sense that the nourishment that a pregnant woman gets determines the nutrients that the developing fetus gets. Nutrition knowledge in this case refers to information and skills that an individual normally has pertaining food intake. In respect to the research topic, this refers to information and skills needed by pregnant women.
Aim: The aim of the study identify nutrition knowledge among young pregnant women.
Sample: the sample population of these study is the young pregnant women they take probability sample fore 100 participants.
Methodology: the researcher uses quantitative design for statics and data analysis, as well random sample, it will be at Almanaa Hospital.
Key words : Nutrition , knowledge , pregnancy
Nutrition Knowledge among Young Pregnant Women In Saudi Arabia
Chapter 1
Introduction
The purpose of the study is to investigate and establish whether pregnant young Saudi women have the needed nutritional knowledge. Nutrition plays a key role during pregnancy in the sense that the nourishment that a pregnant woman gets determines the nutrients that the developing foetus gets. In addition, women are the heads of the family and are directly responsible for feeding the whole family, starting with the child and the rest of the family. In terms of awareness and knowledge of food and nutrition issues, the family health level will be affected by malnutrition or healthy and healthy nutrition. A questionnaire was designed for the purpose of collecting research data and personal interview from a sample of research subjects. They were women married to four villages randomly selected from central region of Riyadh city as representative of the human sample during the study period from January 2018 to July 2018 (Al‐Meshari, 2014).
A set of statistical methods for analyzing the study data, including frequencies and percentage percentages of the computational and correlation coefficients of Spearman and Pearson were used. (Pillitteri, 2010) During pregnancy, the body of the woman prepares for the growth and development of the foetus and the feeding process. The tissue in the body, such as the uterus and placenta, also develops to supply blood, food and oxygen to the foetus. Proper weight loss benefits the health of women and the foetus, reduces risk and helps to give birth to a healthy baby. Therefore, pregnant women at the beginning of pregnancy to inform their doctor about her health and eating habits such as plant nutrition, allergies to certain types of food such , problems in digestion or diet, or women who suffer from pressure or diabetes before pregnancy (El Mouzan, 2014).
The woman’s body during pregnancy is subjected to several changes, including physical and hormonal, and the method of nutrition during pregnancy affect the health of women and the foetus, so pregnant women follow a healthy and balanced diet to maintain the health of mother and foetus throughout pregnancy and avoid the risks that can be exposed, Pregnant women are the main source of nutrition and growth of the foetus (Finer, 2017).
Young Pregnant Women
Pregnant adolescents face the same as other women, but in addition, females under the age of 15 suffer from physical problems that prevent them from enjoying healthy pregnancy or childbirth. From the age of 15 to 19 years, the risk is more than biological, but also social and economic. Biological risks include exposure to low birth weights, anemia, pre-eclampsia and early delivery. If these risks are controlled, other risks include not getting adequate parental care. (King, 2016).
In developing countries, teenage pregnancy is linked to social issues, including low levels of education, poverty and other things that represent a negative life for children and adolescent mothers. (Madani, 2015). Also, when teenage pregnancy in developing countries is out of wedlock, it stigmatizes many cultures and societies. In addition, it is desired and welcomed by the community and the family if it is within the framework of marriage, although teenage pregnancy in these countries is closely linked to malnutrition, lack of access to health care, and poor health, which causes health problems.
The risk of unintended teenage pregnancy can be minimized by promoting the concept of contraception. There are 3.7 million women under the age of 18 giving birth every year in developing countries. If this number is included in all the world’s pregnancy numbers, the proportion will be much higher. (Mansour, 2014).
Pregnancy among girls younger than 18 years has dire consequences that can not be fixed. It also violates the rights of girls, with life-threatening consequences in terms of sexual health and reproductive health, and costs very high amounts of society, especially sustaining the cycle of poverty (Shawky, 2014). Health outcomes include not only the body’s willingness to conceive, but also the birth of adolescent lead to complications, malnutrition and low-income family .
In low- and middle-income developing countries, the risk of maternal death under the age of 15 is much higher than that of women in their 20s. Teenage pregnancy also affects girls’ education. Many studies have addressed the social, economic, medical and psychological impact of pregnancy and parenting in adolescents. (Say, 2013).
Nutrition Knowledge :
Nutrition knowledge in this case refers to information and skills that an individual normally has pertaining food intake. In respect to the research topic, this refers to information and skills needed by pregnant young Saudi women. The young women will be asked to determine whether they know a few types of foods that a pregnant woman needs to take. They will for instance be asked to list the types of foods that any pregnant woman needs to take. For those that will not be sure about the specific type of food to eat, this will be taken to mean that they lack the needed nutrition knowledge (Shawky, 2014).
Second, the young women will be asked to determine whether they have in the past made personal effort to get information about the appropriate diet for an expectant woman. The significance of this inquiry is that it will be used to tell whether these women take matters of nutrition seriously. If many women for instance will report that they have not implemented what they were taught in past functions about nutrition during pregnancy, this will mean that the women did not understand the information that was presented to them. The only people that will be assumed to have understood the information are those that went on to implement what they were told during past events (Amin, 2015).
Third, the young women will be asked to determine whether they are willing to make an effort to know what the needed type of foods for a pregnant woman. In any case it will be determined that the most pregnant young women are not willing to take personal measure to learn about good nutrition during pregnancy, this will imply that they have not understood the logic behind good diet. On the contrary, if it will be determined that most pregnant young woman are willing to begin educating themselves about good education, this will be taken to mean that the women have understood the underlying logic behind good nutrition (Mahfouz, 2013).
Education Need for Pregnant
The young pregnant women need to be educated about the type fruits and vegetables that they need to eat when pregnant. They for instance need to be told that they need to eat such fruits as oranges, mangoes and avocados. The significance of eating oranges during pregnancy is that they help keep the pregnant woman hydrated throughout the day. Mangoes on the other hand contain vitamin c which helps increase the immune system of pregnant women and the unborn fetus. The fetus need to have a high immune system for the reason that most of the body parts are so delicate and so if affected by an illness will lead to serious cases (Alsulyman, 2015).
Second, pregnant women need to be educated about type fruits and vegetables that they need to avoid when pregnant. Examples of fruits that pregnant women need to avoid during pregnancy include pineapple, grapes and watermelons. It is important to educate the young pregnant on this since most of them assume that all fruits are good for eating during pregnancy. Other than certain fruits and vegetables not being idea for eating during the pregnancy period, there are those that do not add important nutrients that a fetus or even the expectant needs. What this means is that eating them will be a waste of resources that will have been used to buy important fruits (Musaiger, 2016).
Additionally,the young pregnant women need to be educated on the compelling reasons as to why they really need the fruits and vegetables. It will be inappropriate to tell the young pregnant women that they need to feed on a certain type of diet without giving those compelling reasons as to why they need this particular diet. Failure to give the young pregnant women compelling reasons will make them less willing to take personal initiatives. If the young pregnant women for instance are told that fruits contain vitamins that are vital for the development of the muscles of their fetus, this reason will motivate them to eat fruits (Al-Rethaiaa, 2014).
Significant Of the Study
Pregnancy is one of the most important stages in a woman’s life. She experiences many physical, psychological and emotional fluctuations. She feels that she shares life with her child, feels how she grows up day after day, and feels his movements and heart beats until he comes to life with the ability of God. Pregnant women should be aware of their health and balanced diets at this stage, taking into account the high mortality rates among pregnant women in the study community. At the same time, with a moderate increase in weight during pregnancy, the mother will have the opportunity to have a child Full-grown and strong, while minimizing the risk of postpartum health problems. Reduces the risk of anaemia and iron deficiency in pregnant women. Fatigue and poor immunity to colds, infections and rapid changes in mood are caused by iron deficiency, so when pregnant women eat foods rich in iron, they can avoid the symptoms of this deficiency. Provides the holder with the energy needed to have a healthy child. Accelerates the process of recovery after delivery. Healthy food is necessary for the recovery and recovery of the body after the birth of the child, where the mother’s body will need maximum energy and food sources to heal the wound (Musaiger, 2013).
The study will provide vital information to organization whose main role is to promote good health in the country. These health organizations will use research information in such areas as decision making. In any case for instance the study will determine that most young pregnant women in Saudi are not aware about the type of diet that they need to maintain when pregnant, health promotion organizations will be compelled to begin conducting public campaigns aimed at teaching the women around the country about the diet that they need to maintain during this vital time (Serenius, 2015).
In addition, the study results will provide a basis for conducting further studies in the topic of nutrition. This is more likely to happen if other researchers will discover the ideas that the research study did not tackle. Future researchers for instance may decide to conduct a study aimed at determining the regions with poor nutritional education. The importance of being more specific in terms of region in this case is that it will direct health promotion organization on places to put more effort. It will be unhelpful for example for health promotion organizations to focus on areas whose inhabitants have high nutrition education and leave those areas whose inhabitants have low nutritional education (Al Arfaj, 2014).
Aim of the Study
The aim of the study is to identify nutrition knowledge among young pregnant women.
Objective
1. To determine the current state of Nutrition knowledge among young pregnant women in Saudi Arabia
2. To raise awareness Nutrition knowledge among young pregnant women Saudi Arabia
3. To increase awareness of nutrition knowledge among young pregnant women Saudi Arabia
Research Question
1. What is the current state of Nutrition knowledge among young pregnant women in Saudi Arabia?
2. How it can increase awareness of nutrition knowledge among young pregnant women Saudi Arabia?
3. What type of food are you supposed to eat when pregnant?
Chapter 2
Design
Research design refers to a set of procedures and methods used to collect and analyze measures that have been specified in a research problem. The research design for this study will be both quantitative and descriptive. The quantitative part will involve the use of mathematical, statistical and computational tools to examine the collected data. Mathematical tools for instance will be used to determine the percentage of women that have the needed nutritional knowledge for pregnant mothers. The percentage figure of women with this knowledge will be subtracted from the 100 to get the percentage of women that lack this critical knowledge. Statistical tools in this case may be used to determine the average number of pregnant young women with the needed nutritional knowledge (Mufti, 2016).
The descriptive part will involve narrating the characteristics of the young pregnant Saudi women. In any case the study for instance will determine that most of the women that do not have the needed knowledge are mainly those from poor background; this will be described as; poverty hinders many young pregnant Saudi women from accessing vital information about diet. Better still, in any case the study will establish that most expectant women that have the needed nutritional knowledge are from wealthy background, this will be described as; pregnant women from rich background are more mindful about what they eat during the time of pregnancy (Abdel 2015).
One of the benefits of the above research design is that they will help during the suggestions of observations. In any case it will be observed for instance that most pregnant young Saudi women are not willing to educate themselves about the right nutrition that they need during pregnancy, this will be recorded down on paper that; despite nutrition being a key factor in the health of the fetus and the pregnant young Saudi women, quite a number of these expectant mothers do not still see the importance of the measures. It is important to note here that this will be mainly be about recording what has been find out (Kromhout, 2017).
Second, the above research design will be helpful in pinpointing analytical and statistical procedures. The initial step during analysis exercise will be organizing the data and then creating such figures as pie charts. The creation of pie charts will require mathematical skills especially when determining the proportions of the pie chart. The created pie chart in this case will be analyzed and facts about what is being observed recorded down. The significance of recording facts in this case is that it will help in providing a basis on which conclusions will be made. The main aim in this case will be to come up with the correct facts (Jannadi, 2016).
Additionally, the above research design will be used to pinpoint the independent and dependent variable. The independent variable in this case for instance is pregnant women while the dependent variable is nutritional knowledge. The implication is the independent variable in this case is that only young pregnant Saudi women will be interrogated. The already specified age of the participants is women aged between 12 and 25 years. The implication of the nutritional knowledge in this case is that not all expectant young Saudi women are expected to have the needed nutritional knowledge. Some pregnant young women will have this knowledge while others will be lacking this critical knowledge (Ghanim, 2016).
Setting
The setting of any research study refers to the area place that the study will be conducted. This study will be conducted in Eastern Province of the Kingdom of Saudi Aribia. The specific health facilities in which the study will be carried out in Almana Medical Center. It is equipped with the latest and best medical equipment for patient services. It has a capacity of over 1100 beds. The city has four hospitals that treat more than 700,000 patients. . The study will mainly be conducted in maternity wards. This particular setting has been selected for the reason that it is the only place that has a guarantee of meeting pregnant women. In any case the study was to settle on residential settings, the number of pregnant women that will be accessed will be low. As a matter of fact, not all residential places have expectant young women. Maternity wards offers the best setting to conduct the study for the reason that it is where most pregnant women assemble to get the care that they need or deliver babies.
Young pregnant women coming for checkups will also be interrogated. This refers to those women whose pregnancy is still at early stage that do not require admission to hospital. The planned study will focus of three hospitals. The specific unity of the hospital that this study will be mainly conducted is the maternity ward. Upon obtaining information from one hospital, the study will be moved to the second and third hospital in that order. The main thing he will be to get access to the maximum number of women possible.
Sampling and Population
Sampling refers to the process of picking out individuals from the larger population for measurement reasons. A simple random sampling method will be used when selecting the many young pregnant women in maternity wards (Bakhotmah, 2016). While inside the maternity wards, Young pregnant women will be picked randomly. This will be favored more by the fact that the women in most maternity wards are never arranged in a particular order. The process of picking and interviewing the pregnant women will be done at a time when the nurses and physicians have finished attending to these individuals. The main reason for this is that it will help prevent interruption (Abuya, 2014). The expected confidence rate is 95% while the anticipated error margin will be 5%.
Inclusion Criteria
Expectant women that will be included in the study are those aged between 12 and 25 years. Women above the age of 25 years will not be included in the study.
Exclusion Criteria
Expectant women that will be found to deliver unbelievable information will be excluded from the study.
The study looks forward to interviewing a total population of 200 pregnant young women aged between 12 and 25 years. This figure will not be from one hospital but rather it will be from all the three hospitals that have been selected for the study. The study aims at interrogating an average of 67 women per a hospital (Contento, 2013). One of the reasons as to why it is important to interview young pregnant women in different maternity hospitals is that it will help in determining the reliability of information of the information obtained. This is especially when it comes to consistency (Al-Almaie, 2013).
Data Collection
Data collection typically refers to the activity of gathering as well as measuring information pertaining variables that have been identified to be of interest. One of the methods that will be employed during data collection will be interviews. Typically, the interview session in this case will involve asking the young pregnant Saudi women some questions. The questions in this case will be those designed to establish whether this individuals have the needed nutritional knowledge for pregnant mothers. The answers that the pregnant young women will be providing during the interview will be immediately recorded. This is for the reason that it will be difficult to remember all the answers after conducting various interviews. The interviews will be conducted for a very short time to avoid time wastage. Information will be collected from young pregnant Saudi women aged between 12 and 15 years (Al-Mazrou, 2016).
A few of the advantages of using interviews include the fact that they enable a researcher to obtained detailed information and also the fact that it enables the researcher to observe non verbal cues. When conducting interviews, young pregnant will be asked a few questions after which they will be allowed to provide answer. As these women will be providing the answers, interruption will be greatly avoided. The main aim of this will be to allow them to provide detailed answers (De Vriendt, 2016).The question will be self-develop based on related liter
Another method that will be employed during the study is the questionnaire method. Both open-ended (7 questions) and closed (3) question will be asked. a total of This method will involve issuing printed questions to the pregnant young Saudi women in the maternity wards and also those that will be coming for the tests. The questions will be issued to those expectant mothers that are waiting to see the doctor. No question will be issued to expectant mothers that are already in labor pain. This is because they will not have time to respond to the questionnaires. To make this method consume less time, questions with multiple answers choices will be used (Kirby, 2015).
Some of the advantages of using questionnaires include the fact that they lead to speedy answers and also the fact that they are cost effective. Unlike in the case of interviews, respondents answering the questionnaires will not be required to give detailed answers. This is especially if the questions asked only require them to select the best option among the ones that will be provided. The benefit of getting speedy answers in this case is that it will help avoid time wastage (Siddiqui, 2013).
Ethical Considering
The first step towards collecting information will be to seek permission from the hospital management board. Personal information such as the real names of the young pregnant women will be made anonymous to avoid legal problems (Walston, 2013). The purpose of doing this will be to prevent mockery from the society. Young girls that have for instance become mothers may be mocked for engaging in sexual activity at an early age. Given the fact that Saudi Arabia is a religious country that expects high moral standards, people may refuse to associate with the young girls that became pregnant at an early age. This is common due to the belief that individual that engage in immoral activities are not good to associate with (Williams, 2014).
Other than concealing personal information, the research will avoid asking the participants questions about private information (Halligan, 2015). A good example of a question that could be too personal is that asking about the name of the father of the unborn child. The disadvantage of asking for private information in this case is that it will influence the young pregnant women to change their attitude. A complaint from one young pregnant woman might discourage the rest from allowing them to be interrogated. This could be as a result of the mentality that they might also be asked the annoying questions that the others have been asked (Srivastava, 2015).
One more ethical factor that will be considered during the study is informed consent (Al‐Hafedh, 2016). What informed consent here means is that the pregnant young Saudi women will be asked for permission before the process of interrogating them starts. The study recognizes the fact that not all women may be willing to be interrogated. One of the reasons for this could be stress about pregnancy complications. Women for example that have been informed that they will not deliver through the normal way might be stressed about the procedure that they might be about to undergo (Young, 2017).
Participants will be treated with kindness and any form of wrongdoing against them will be highly avoided. The significance of treating participants with kindness in this case will be a way of showing them that their contribution is being appreciated. Being rude to them will make them to change their attitude. Wrong doing in this case might include falling the luggage belonging to the expectant women. Like in this case of being unkind, this will influence negative attitude (Halligan, 2015).
Pilot Study
A pilot study refers to an initial study conducted in order to explore issues surrounding the planned study. The main reason for this pilot study is to prepare for the issues. Preliminary study will be conducted prior the main study. One of the main reasons for this will beto determine the actual cost and time of the study (Khan, 2017). One of the benefits of knowing the exact cost of the study is so as to avoid the inconveniences of underestimations. The impact of underestimation for instance is that it might suddenly bring the study into a standstill when the available funds get over. Situations such as these make it difficult for a study to continue. The importance of knowing the correct time estimates is to avoid time wastage (Farghaly, 2013).
Another reason for conducting preliminary study will be so as to determine whether there are adverse events and make necessary preparation. One of the adverse events that will be considered in this case are whether events such as heavy rain. It will be determined during the pilot study that the areas of study are currently experiencing heavy rainfall, a resolution will be made to carry warm clothing during the day of the study. The reasoning behind this is that it is difficult to carry out carry out a research perfectly when one is feeling uncomfortable (El-Gilany, 2013).
Validity & Reliability
Validity as applied to research refers to the level to which a data being obtained is believable. Validity during the research will be ensured through evaluating the information being provided to establish whether it is believable. In any case it will be determined that some young pregnant women are not providing believable information, the information that they will have provided will be rejected (Al‐Majed, 2014).
Reliability as applied in research refers to the ability of a measurement tool producing consistent results. Reliability during the study will be ensured through repeating certain tests to establish whether they are providing consistent results. In any case it will be established that the repeated tests do not provide consistent results, this will be taken to mean that the results obtained are not reliable. What will be done in this case is that the tests will be repeated until that time when there will be consistency (Hijazi, 2014).
The significance of obtaining valid and reliable data is that it will lead to lead to genuine conclusion. This is the main reason as to why the study will exclude any participant that will be found to provide unbelievable information. During the study, participants will be told that the data that they provide will be used to make important decisions aimed at improving the maternal health care in the country. The pregnant young mothers will be assured that their true identity will not be revealed. The importance of this prior notification is that it will influence the young pregnant mothers to give genuine information (Pötzsch, 2016).
Genuine conclusion from this research will help health care organization to make good decisions. In any case the study for instance will by mistake come to the conclusion that most women have the needed nutrition knowledge pertaining pregnancy, this will make health promotion organizations to relax their effort of educating young pregnant women about the appropriate diet that they need to feed on. The likely impact of this is that it will worsen the existing problem. This is especially if the truth of the matter is that most pregnant young women do not have the needed knowledge pertaining nutrition (Unicef, 2015).
Data Analysis
The process of analyzing data will after the information will have been entered into the computer system (Desjeux, 2014). One of the software that will be used to analyze data is the SPSS data analysis tool. This particular software will be mainly used to perform statistical operation. The software for instance will be used to calculate the percentage of the women that have nutritional knowledge concerning the diet that pregnant women need to feed on. The significance of using this software here is that it will help save time. This is for the reason that this software performs statistical operations faster when compared to when the operations are done manually (Littlewood, 2016).
The analyzed data will then be electronically stored in the computer and backed using IT techniques (Sack, 2017). One of the advantages of electronic storage of data is that data is protected from physical damage. The use of physical files to store data makes it to be subjected to expose to damages that may for instance result from splash of water (Scholl, 2014). The impact of splashing water on the physical files is that the water dissolves the ink that was used to record the information thereby deleting the information. The importance of backing the store information is so as to ensure that the information stored does not get lost in any case the computer gets damaged. Online backing of the stored information will make it easier to access the information from any point (Allen, 2015).
Procedure of the Main Study
The final step which is reporting analysis result will involve giving an account of the whole activity. That is take 1 month. They report that will be written in this case will have four chapters. The last chapter will contain the results from the study conducted. Other than containing the results of the study, this particular chapter will highlight conclusions that have been made from the study that has just been conducted.
Chapter 3
Time Scale
Time Scale
| The mission | The expected time |
| Write the Literature review | (2) Weeks |
| Conducting Pilot study | (1) Month |
| Take a Study approval | (3-4) Weeks |
| The Data collection | (2-3) Months |
| Analysis the data | (3-4) Months |
| Writing the Result | (2) Months |
| Reviewing | (1) Month |
| participants | (1) Month |
| The Total | 12 months and 2 weeks |
The total estimated time for completion of this research project and work on publication is one year with two weeks divided as follows from three to four weeks to choose the hospital and the Board of Audit also 4 weeks to conduct the pilot study until the research is improved Data collection takes two to three months while analyzed Within three months the result will be two months.
Budget
The researcher will cost many related to using laptop, printer, printer inks, pens, notebooks, MAXQDA software, papers, pilot study, files, transportation, and Telephone bills. The cost for these items as the following:
| Item | Cost |
| Laptop | 3000 RS. |
| Printer | 400 RS. |
| Printer inks | 500RS. |
| Pens | 150 RS. |
| Notebooks | 50 RS. |
| Files | 200 RS. |
| Papers | 400 RS. |
| Pilot study | 500 RS. |
| MAXQDA software | 1000 RS. |
| Transportation | 2000 RS. |
| Telephone bills | 500 RS. |
| Total budget | 8700 RS. |
The significant of a budget in this case is that it will help ensure that funds allocated for this project are spent for their true purpose. This means that the budget will prevent purchase of items that have not been planned. Second, this budget will help increase accountability. To be accountable in this case means being answerable to all the expenditure that has been incurred. This is especially if money at one point in time during the study will be used for a wrong purpose.
In addition, this budget will be useful in saving some money that might not be used during the study. This is for the reason that there are high chances that the some items might cost lower than has been estimated. The total of papers in this case for instance will depend on the shop from which they are being bought. Even though the estimated cost is 400 RS, this cost might be lower if the papers will be bout from a shop that is selling this item at a lower cost. The cost of this item might even be lower if the shop will be offering discounts during the time of purchase.
Expected Outcome
The importance of balanced nutrition for the pregnant woman must pay attention to her5 health and the adoption of balanced food systems during this stage and we will mention the following types of foods that are recommended to eat at each stage of pregnancy, in addition to some tips and guidance on foods to avoid during pregnancy.
So it must. It is essential for pregnant women to pay attention to their health and to follow a balanced diet. During this stage, we will mention the types of foods that you are advised to eat at each stage of pregnancy, as well as some tips and advice regarding foods to avoid during pregnancy.
To conclude the purpose of the study is to investigate and establish whether pregnant young Saudi women have the needed nutritional knowledge. Nutrition knowledge in this case refers to information and skills that an individual normally has pertaining food intake. In respect to the research topic, this refers to information and skills needed by pregnant young Saudi women. Nutrition plays a key role during pregnancy in the sense that the nourishment that a pregnant woman gets determines the nutrients that the developing fetus gets. The study will assess women aged between 12 years and 25 years. A few of the factors that contributed to early pregnancies include poverty and separation of parents through divorce.
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Appendix
Appendix I
Consent Form
I do understand that my participation in this study is Voluntary. I also understand that the study personnel have power to stop my participation at his will.
Participant’s Signature ………………………………. Date…………………………………
I confirm that I have explained to the participant what the study is all about. I confirm that I understand the principle of confidentiality that I am required to honor. I confirm that I have promised the above named person that I will not reveal her private information to another person whatsoever.
Investigator’s Signature …………………………………Date…………………………………
Appendix II Participant Leaflet
Title of this study: The Nursing Perception and the Impact of Providing a Holistic Nursing Care for Critically Ill Patients
Name of the student researcher: Alreem Ali
This study explore the Nutrition Knowledge among Young Pregnant Women in Saudi Arabia . I am interested to know the level of awareness of these women This study will conduct in the Almana Medical Center in Al-Khobar. The aim of this paper is to gain your permission to start the research by collecting the information from the interview questions. This research will use a strategy of valid self-administered and semi structured interview questions in English language.
Aim of the study: The aim of the study identify nutrition knowledge among young pregnant women.
Research design: quantitative design
Participation: young pregnant women in maternity wards in Almana Medical Center
Sampling: 200 pregnant young women aged between 12 and 25 years
Contact details
Researcher name:
Phone number:
Email:
Appendix III
Questionnaire
Part one (Social Demography Data)
· What is your age?
A. 12-16 years
B. 17-21 years
C. 22-25 years
· What is your level of education?
A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. College
· Are you married or single?
A. Married
B. Single
Part two (Pregnancy)
· How old is your pregnancy?
A. 0-3
B. 4-6
C. 7-9
· What is the gender of your unborn little baby?
A. Male
B. Female
· Are you expecting twins?
A. Yes
B. No
C. Maybe
· Is this the first pregnancy?
A. Yes
B. No
· How can you describe the pregnancy experience?
A. Good
B. Bad
Part three (Nutrition)
· Which of the following fruits are you supposed to avoid when Pregnant? (Tick all)
A. Apricots
B. Tamarind
C. Papaya
D. Pears
E. Dates
· Which of the following vegetables are you supposed to avoid when Pregnant? (Tick all)
A. Legumes
B. Raw Eggs
C. Sweet Potatoes
D. Caffeine
E. Raw Fish
· Which of the following beverages are you supposed to avoid when Pregnant? (Tick all)
A. Orange Juice
B. Unpasteurized Milk
C. Alcohol
D. Low Fat Milk
E. Wheat Grass
· Are bananas appropriate for eating during pregnancy?
A. Yes
B. No
· Is coconut water appropriate for drinking during pregnancy?
A. Yes
B. No
· Are watermelons appropriate for eating during pregnancy?
A. Yes
B. No
31
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