Conduct using Microsoft® Excel® functions at least two inferential statistics using your data and summarize and interpret the results.

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Descriptive and Inferential Statistics Applications Presentation

 

Create a 10- to 15-slide Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation on descriptive and inferential statistics.

 

The course instructor will assign a different data set to each Learning Team. All data sets are available on the student website. the data set is attached

 

Refer to this course’s reading material and at least two scholarly sources from the University Library. Incorporate the following elements into your presentation:

 

·         Introduction

 

o    Introduce the Learning Team members and the data set that the team will present.

o    Identify the variables in the data set and discuss each variable’s level of measurement classification (nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio).

 

·         Descriptive Statistics

 

o    Define descriptive statistics and discuss at least two examples of descriptive statistics.

o    Explain how descriptive statistical analysis increases understanding of the data.

o    Conduct using Microsoft® Excel® functions at least two descriptive statistics using your data and summarize and interpret the results (you can include tables or graphs in your slides).

o    Explain why the two descriptive statistics you conducted are appropriate for the data.

 

·         Inferential Statistics

 

o    Define statistical inference and include and explain at least two original statistical calculations.

o    Explain how inferential statistical analysis increases understanding of the data.

o    Conduct using Microsoft® Excel® functions at least two inferential statistics using your data and summarize and interpret the results.

o    Explain why the two descriptive statistics you conducted are appropriate for the data.

 

·         Conclusion and References

 

Format your presentation consistent with APA guidelines.

 

 

Prepare to answer questions from your classmates and the facilitator and to discuss your presentation.

 
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How can we solve the problems of an overburdened public defense system and racial discrimination in the criminal justice system?

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Legal Representation and Social Class

After listening to the interview with Stephen B. Bright, The quality of a legal defense: Does it matter if you’re rich or poor?, and studying the required readings for the week, please respond to the following:

  1. What role does geographic location play a role in the quality of representation provided by the public defender?
  2. How does the overburdened public defense system contribute to issues of wrongful conviction?
  3. Contrast the legal representation described by Bright to the level of representation available to white-collar, corporate, and environmental crimes.
  4. Considering the “war on drugs,” discuss what role the “war on drugs” might play in contributing to an overburdened public defense system?
  5. What relationship exists between race, the war on drugs, and the overburdened public defender system?
  6. How can we solve the problems of an overburdened public defense system and racial discrimination in the criminal justice system?

Your initial post should be at least 350 words in length. Support your claims with examples from the required material(s) and at least one other scholarly resource. Please properly cite in the body of your work and at the end of your work your required references. Please read several of your classmates’ initial posts and respond to at least two of your classmates’ posts by Day 7. Your peer responses should focus on the course concepts and be scholarly in nature. Be sure to support any opinions you have with credible, scientific evidence.

 
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How is health and health seeking behavior a gender experience in later life? How does ethnicity or social class affect this experience?

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Respond to the following 4 questions. Responses should be approximately 400 words, and should be supported with readings. The questions are broad and students have the possibility of applying several of the readings.  Students can select the readings they believe are most appropriate to supporting their response, but should integrate at least 2 readings per response Readings MUST be fully integrated and cited to support the response.

 

Each response is worth 25 pts.  Midterm is due November 27th by 11:59:59pm. All exams should be proofread and edited prior to submission.  Make certain to cite sources within body of response.   A reference Page should be provided.  Exam must be submitted as a word document.

 

 

 

1. The Presidential election took place a couple weeks back.  The President-Elect is Republican Donald Trump.  He will be serving with a Republican majority in both the House of Representatives and Senate.  The Republicans have historically had issues with social programs like Social Security, Medicare, and the Affordable care act.  If the Republicans succeed in their efforts to alter these programs, what are the possible ramifications for older adults?  Focus on the areas of health and Income.  Also, discuss how this might affect women more than men.

 

2. How is health and health seeking behavior a gender experience in later life? How does ethnicity or social class affect this experience?

 

3. How is caregiving a gender experience? How is this experience affected by societal notions of masculinity and femininity?

 

4. Choose a gender other than your own.  How would your retirement and elder years be different if are that gender? You must choose MALE.

 

http://www.karger.com/Article/Pdf/323154

 

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/04/gender-gap-expands_n_1569168.html

 

http://www.who.int/world-health-day/2012/toolkit/background/en/

 
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Describe 2-3 social work skills and how a social worker might use them to engage in anti-oppressive work.

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Assignment: Anti-Oppressive Social Work Practice

 

Anti-oppressive social work means critically reflecting on your own cultural identities and how the social environment impacts these identities. Acknowledging power and privilege can be uncomfortable; however, with values of multiculturalism and social justice, social workers are committed to engaging in their own personal work and addressing social barriers clients may experience. Social workers view clients from a strengths-based perspective utilizing client strengths to support their goals, rather than pathologizing clients from the lens of the dominant culture.

 

For the past six weeks, you have learned about the social construction of social identities, structural inequality based on dominant and non-dominant groups, and oppressions based on sex, class, and race. While readings have continuously pointed out white privilege as the dominant group privilege, you also know that privilege is not equally distributed in groups. Intersecting identities creates unique experiences for clients. For this assignment, you draw from what you have been learning during the first part of this course and discuss strategies for anti-oppressive social work practice.

 

THE ASSIGNMENT

SATURDAY 8PM NEW YORK TIME a 2- to 3-page APA formatted paper in which you:

  • Explain the potential impact of white privilege on clients from both dominant and minority groups (consider impact of both positive and negative stereotypes).
  • Explain how intersecting identities might impact an individual’s experience (for example, race/ethnicity and gender, race/ethnicity and class, race/ethnicity and ability, race/ethnicity and sexual orientation, race/ethnicity and class).
  • Providing specific examples, explain how a social worker might utilize cultural strengths when working with clients.
  • Describe 2-3 social work skills and how a social worker might use them to engage in anti-oppressive work.
  • Support ideas in paper with at least 2-3 course resources (please reference specific chapters, not the entire textbook) and at least one additional peer-reviewed article from the Walden library (not assigned in this course) to support your ideas.

In addition to required sections, please note the following essential information about your papers:

 

  • In APA style, there should be a TITLE PAGE, an ABSTRACT which is a very brief overview of the paper, example: The purpose of this paper is to discussion the topic of X (etc), PAGE NUMBERS, an INTRODUCTION, which introduces the topic and explains to the reader what the paper will contain (in this paper it needs to be brief, just a few sentences), IN TEXT HEADINGS that correspond with the sections that are required in your assignment guidelines, and a CONCLUSION, which wraps up the concepts in the paper for your reader, and a REFERENCE page.

 

References

Adams, M., Blumenfeld, W. J., Castaneda, C., Hackman, H. W., Peters, M. L., & Zuniga, X. (Eds.). (2013). Readings for diversity and social justice. (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge Press.

Mattsson, T. (2014). Intersectionality as a useful tool: Anti-oppressive social work and critical reflection. Affilia, 29(1), 8-17.

 

 
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Describe some of the most important changes that have taken place in wine production in the new and old world over the past three to four decades.

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421 Essay questions

Please see the syllabus for additional details concerning length and due dates. Papers should be written double-spaced and in APA format. (For APA details see: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/)

 

1.       Describe and evaluate some of the major factors that have been influencing the supply and demand for food in recent years. What are the main reasons for some of these factors? You could include such topics as food scarcity, food prices and volatility.

2.       Discuss the important aspects of food related to a religion with which you are familiar.

3.       Evaluate the factors that influence food habits and culture.

4.       Explain the rationale behind “California cuisine”. Assess the role of different chefs in the development of California cuisine.

5.       Present a reasoned argument for and against the fast food industry in the US. You may include the advantages such as economic and social advantages, along with the disadvantages including increases in obesity, types of employment, etc.

6.       Should the fast food industry be regulated in a similar manner to the tobacco industry? Explain the factors behind your reasoning.

7.       In your view, how sustainable is the so called “western diet”

8.       Describe and evaluate Native Americans’ perspectives on life. This may be from a particular tribe or more generally.  You may include such aspects of the environment, health, the family, religion and diet.

9.       Describe some of the most important changes that have taken place in wine production in the new and old world over the past three to four decades.

10.   Evaluate the major effects that prohibition had for the American wine industry

11.   What were the major effects of the Judgment of Paris of 1976 on Californian wines?

12.   Taste a sample wine and use the deductive tasting structure explained in class. Comment specifically on clarity, brightness and other color characteristics, along with the nose and the palette. Give details of the grape varity(ies), vintage, producer etc. Does the wine have the characteristics discussed in class? Which types of food would you recommend to compliment/contrast with the wine? (Note you must be of legal age to be able to consume alcohol (21 years old) and to complete this assignment.

13.   Explain some of the norms with food and wine pairing and put together a sample menu showing dishes with the wines chosen. Explain your reasoning behind the choice of wines for the food. Are they meant to complement or contrast the food? This could be a classical menu, fusion food or food from your own country.

14.   Evaluate one of the new food movements such as FRESH!, slow food, raw food, etc. Amongst other things you may explain the aims and objectives of their organization, the method of getting their message across, the prime prospects for the organization and future direction of the movement.

15.   Investigate urban farming. Outline some examples and evaluate the major advantages and disadvantages of urban farming.

 

 
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Describe what you think is the role of social workers in equal rights and access to LGBTQ populations.

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Journal Entry:Social Workers and the LGBTQ Population

The LGBTQ community continues to experience incidences of prejudice and bias. Not only are these prejudices exemplified in interpersonal interactions through slurs and violent acts but also in the policies maintained in social work agencies and institutions. On June 26, 2015, the United States Supreme Court extended marriage rights to same-sex partners. Since this ruling, the federal government has extended all federal and military/veteran benefits to married same-sex couples. Despite this progress, states continue to debate laws and policies that would legalize forms of discrimination toward LGBTQ individuals. Advocacy organizations, such as the Human Rights Campaign, provide policy maps showing the different rights provided in different states (see http://www.hrc.org/state_maps). Social workers are expected to fight to eliminate these inequalities throughout communities, programs, and institutions.

To prepare: Consider the following statement:

NASW encourages the adoption of laws that recognize inheritance, insurance, same-sex marriage, child custody, property, and other rights in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender relationships. The Association firmly believes that all federal protections and responsibilities available to legally married people in the United States should be available to people who enter same sex unions (including domestic partnerships, civil unions, and same sex marriages).

By , submit your reaction to this statement of the National Association of Social Workers (NASW). Describe what you think is the role of social workers in equal rights and access to LGBTQ populations.

 
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explain how you would describe the integration approach of Hawkins & Clinton. What model of integration do you think their approach represents?

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Hawkins & Clinton Book Review Instructions

You must complete a book review of The New Christian Counselor: A Fresh Biblical and Transformational Approach by Hawkins & Clintonthat will include 3 sections (summary, analysis, and application). Use the included template and utilize current APA citations as indicated on the template.

 

Summary (40 points)

In the summary section (at least 1 page) identify the 8–10 most important concepts of the book. That is, if you could boil down the most important points in the Hawkins & Clinton book, and explain them to a friend, what would they be? Do not just list chapter titles or book sections but summarize the main points in a way that indicates adequate understanding of the Hawkins & Clinton approach to integrative counseling. When you present your ideas, consider highlighting your main points—italics, sub-headings, etc. – to make it easier to pick out the concepts you have chosen.

 

Analysis (15 points)

In this section (approximately 1 page) consider the Module/Week 2 lecture discussion on the models of integration (you may also consult the “Comparing the 5 Views Christians Take to Psychology” PowerPoint or the “The Integration of Psychology and Christianity” document for this section) and explain how you would describe the integration approach of Hawkins & Clinton. What model of integration do you think their approach represents? Would Hawkins & Clinton identify psychological issues apart from spiritual issues, or are they all the same? How important is psychological theory and research in the Hawkins & Clinton approach?

 

Application (30 points)

In this section (at least 1 page), you must demonstrate how you would apply some of the principles discussed by Hawkins & Clinton to counseling in a human services setting.

Review this description of a typical day in the life of a human services counseling professional working in a community agency:

 

On a daily basis in your agency, you will work with clients with diagnoses of major mental illnesses, many of whom also engage in pervasive substance abuse. Your clients will have numerous dysfunctional relationships and, as a result, most will exhibit a lack of trust. Many have poor self-management skills, often neglecting to take medications, show up for work, etc. Some cannot even adequately complete activities of daily living (ADL’s). Legal problems are often part of your challenges as is homelessness. Your clients may be poor problem solvers and easily get into petty confrontations with others.

 

As you seek to integrate psychological theory and research with biblical theology/Christian spirituality in your practice as a human services counselor, what concepts from the Hawkins & Clinton book would you be able to apply? Keep in mind that some of you will work in secular agencies, while others will work in faith-based agencies. Although you can draw in concepts from the whole book, try to focus primarily on the first 3 chapters of the Hawkins & Clinton book. Mention and explain at least 5 concepts from the text that you would find helpful as you deal with your clients. Make sure your application has taken into account the typical human services counseling needs mentioned above. Present your 5 concepts in such a way that the main points are obvious to the reader—consider using italics, or sub-headings to highlight the main points.

 

Keep in mind that while the template with correct APA formatting is provided, you must present your ideas using professional (graduate level) writing. Writing quality will count for 15 points of your total. Note that page length is suggested; you will not be penalized for going over the suggested length unless the longer length reveals poor writing. Sections shorter than the suggested length may indicate inadequate content.

 
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Develop the event. Explain how it aligns with the firm’s mission with a definable target audience. 

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MPR events are all around us. They can be large, small, formal, or informal and can often include more than one organization. Using the company that you further developed in the Unit 3 Individual Project, plan an event that will be a good fit for it.

Part 1: Creating an Event

  • Develop the event. Explain how it aligns with the firm’s mission with a definable target audience.
  • Describe how you will link the image of the firm and the event. Keep in mind that people attend events mainly because of a connection with the theme or topic, not because of the sponsoring organization.
  • Create a presence so that the firm’s message and sponsorship will be remembered.
  • Provide a souvenir so that people will remember your event and company.

Part 1 of the Individual Project should be 3 pages in length.

Part 2: Notifying Connectors

  • Notify connectors before the event. Create a 1-page pitch to the media.
  • Write a 1-page recap of the event with quotes of attendees.

Part 2 of the Individual Project should be 2 pages in length.

Your assignment should contain a cover page, an abstract page, and a reference page in addition to the body. The body of the paper should be 5 pages, starting with a brief 1-paragraph introduction and ending with a short conclusion. The entire submission will be 8–10 pages in length.

 
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Create 10 interview questions integrating the referral information from the case study provided. Provide your rationale for your choice of questions.

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Referral Information and the Interview Process

 

A court system refers a person who was found to be over the legal limit for drinking to Alcoholics Anonymous.

 

A doctor who has a patient exhibiting symptoms of methamphetamine addiction refers the patient to an addictions counselor.

 

A probation officer working with an individual who has a history of illegal gambling refers to the individual to an addictions professional specializing in gambling.

 

Referral is a central aspect of the addictions profession. Addictions professionals often both accept referrals and administer them. Few individuals truly begin therapy as a “blank slate.” Addictions professionals need to know how to integrate referral information into the interview to maximize interview time and to tailor the questions to the individual’s unique history and background of behaviors. Like any profession, the addictions profession uses certain terminology in assessments settings to describe observable behaviors, which also aids the integration of referral information for desired results.

 

In this Assignment, you review a case study that includes the type of information typical in a referral situation. You apply professional terminology to summarize client status and create interview questions.

 

To prepare:

 

Review the Learning Resources, including the following:

 

  • The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Substance Abuse Treatment
    • Chapter 5, “Assessment of the Patient”
  • Chemical Dependency Counseling: A Practical Guide
    • Chapter 4, “The Biopsychosocial Interview”
    • Appendix 6, “Sample Biopsychosocial Interview”Focus on the case study of Jane Roberts.

      Assignment Directions:

      Submit by Sunday 3/19/17 a 2- to 4-page paper in which you do the following:

 

  • Based on the review of the Jane Roberts case study, in 1–3 paragraphs use professional terminology to describe the mental, physical, and behavioral characteristics of the client.
  • Create 10 interview questions integrating the referral information from the case study provided. Provide your rationale for your choice of questions.

 

Cite your sources using APA guidelines.

 

 

 

  • Answer all components in the assignment as there are usually several. These can serve as your headings in APA format. Using these headings will help keep your paper organized, ensure you cover all objectives, and enhance readability. You may find that if you bullet-point these requirements and refer to them as you write, you will address all of the portions of the question.

 

 
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Which of the following theorists highlighted the importance of ideas in maintaining order and oppression in society?

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PART 1

Question 1
A _____ is an attribute that discredits individuals because it overshadows other attributes and merits the individual may possess.
stigma
stereotype
typecast
character flaw
Question 2
The practice of spatially or socially segregating people on the basis of race or ethnicity is referred to as:
Expulsion
Apartheid
Exclusion
Segregation
Question 3
The coexistence of different racial and ethnic groups characterized by acceptance and respect for one another’s differences is referred to as:
Cultural relativism
Social tolerance
Cultural pluralism
Ethnic pluralism
Question 4
The study of communities and their social status, practices, and problems to understand patterns of health and disease is referred to as:
Racial medical history
Social epidemiology
Sociobiology
Social immunology
Question 5
Less powerful groups who are dominated politically and economically by a dominant group are referred to as:
Racial groups
Ethnic groups
Minorities
Socially marginalized groups
Question 6
Patriarchy refers to:
Any set of social relationships in which men dominate women
The belief that one sex is innately superior to the other, and is therefore justified in having a dominant social position
The belief that men should be the breadwinner and make all important household decisions
A political system in which women are not allowed to vote or hold office
Question 7
Women’s inequality is primarily the result of imperfect institutions, which can be corrected by reforms that do not fundamentally alter society itself. This statement reflects the beliefs of:
Socialist feminism
Liberal feminism
Radical feminism
Multicultural feminism
Question 8
Which of the following is considered the “factory of gendered personalities”?
Family
Peer groups
Religion
The workplace
Question 9
How early do sociologists believe parents begin socializing their children into gender?
When they begin school
When they begin to talk
At birth, sometimes even in utero
Parents do not socialize their children according to gender
Question 10
Standpoint epistemology, a philosophical perspective that what we can know is affected by the position we occupy in society, is a major tenet of:
Black feminist thought
Marxist sociology
Functionalism
Oppression theory
Question 11
In post-industrial societies, serial monogamy describes which of the following?
Marriage to more than one person
Divorce and remarriage
Extramarital affairs
Marriage to only one person
Question 12
According to Nancy Chodorow women, are socialized to be _____, seeking close bonds and defining themselves through relationships.
interpersonal
social
nurturing
relational
Question 13
Families characterized by parents living with their biological children and apart from other kin are referred to as:
Traditional
Biological
Nuclear
Extended
Question 14
In pre-industrial societies, which of the following marriage patterns was most common?
Polygamy
Polygyny
Polyandry
Monogamy
Question 15
What expression does Talcott Parsons use to describe the family?
Factory of socialization
Socialization factories
Factory of personalities
Sites of socialization
Question 16
On which of the following points do conflict and functionalist theorists agree?
A high school degree is necessary for equal opportunity.
Education channels individuals into positions for which they are best suited.
Education trains people in the dominant norms and values of society.
Education reproduces social inequality.
Question 17
_____ refers to the education of racial minorities in schools that are geographically, economically, and/or socially separated from those attended by the racial majority.
Educational discrimination
Racial tracking
School segregation
Racial inequality
Question 18
The transmission of society’s norms, values, and knowledge base by means of direct instruction is referred to as:
Socialization
Acculturation
Education
Internship training
Question 19
Which of the following is an example of the sociological term “moral education”?
Fifth graders learning about laws and rights.
Kindergartners learning how to behave in class.
Children learning to read biblical literature.
High school students learning about inequality
Question 20
Which of the following is an example of a symbolic interactionist approach to studying education issues?
Analyzing data about the relationship between education status and income
Observing how certain students perform in class after being labeled as “exceptional”
Studying patterns of racial segregation in public education
Studying the reproduction of inequality in mass education
Question 21
An item believed to have acquired transcendent or magical qualities connecting humans with the divine is known as:
Icon
Ritual
Totem
Sacred object
Question 22
Max Weber’s concept of the “routinization of charisma” can be described as:
The institutionalization of a charismatic leader’s beliefs into an organized religious structure
The loss of the charismatic figure from whose life a religion was born
The use of prescribed, tried-and-true techniques by a “charismatic” leader to achieve a mass following
The use of modern technology, such as radio, Internet, and television, to evangelize
Question 23
Shared beliefs, values, norms, ideas, institutions, and organizations that create a common identity among a group of people is referred to as:
Culture
Society
Education
Religion
Question 24
A system of common beliefs and rituals centered on “sacred things” that unites believers and provides a sense of meaning and purpose is referred to as:
Culture
Society
Education
Religion
Question 25
The idea that religions can be understood as organizations in competition with one another for followers is known as:
Religious rivalry
Sacred economy
Religious bureacratization
Religious economy

 

PART 2
Question 1
According to Domhoff, the _____ is made up of individuals who are linked to the social upper class, the corporate community, and the policy-formation organizations that influence government policy.
executive branch
power elite
dominant class
bourgeoisie
Question 2
Which of the following would be considered a political right?
The right to vote after being convicted of a felony
The right to Social Security
The right to freedom from racial discrimination
The right to practice one’s religion without persecution
Question 3
The codified rules of behavior established by a government and backed by the threat of force are known as:
Ritual
Statutes
Legal norms
Law
Question 4
A single people or nation governed by a political authority or state is commonly referred to as:
Nation-state
Country
State
Society
Question 5
Economically productive activities that do not result directly in a physical product are known as:
Goods
Products
Services
Amenities
Question 6
Karl Marx introduced the idea of a _____, a pool of job-seekers whose numbers outpace the available positions and who contribute to keeping wages low and conditions of work tenuous.
pool of unemployment
unemployed labor pool
reserve army of labor
labor army reserve
Question 7
The replacement of human labor by machines in the process of manufacturing is known as:
Robotics
Mechanization
Mechanical production
Automation
Question 8
Highly educated professionals who engage in mental labor and the manipulation of symbols are also known as:
Symbolic interactionists
Computer programmers
Symbolic analysts
Knowledge laborers
Question 9
Which of the following is the number one cause of premature death in the United States?
Obesity
Homicide
Tobacco
AIDS
Question 10
An institutionalized system for the scientific diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of illness is known as:
Health
Healthcare
Medicine
Public medicine
Question 11
What is the definition of morbidity?
The rate of death
The rate of illness
The rate of incidence of physical ailments
The number of people who seek medicial attention in a given period of time
Question 12
Which of the following food categories receives the most federal subsidies?
Fruits and vegetables
Meats and dairy
Sugar
Alcohol
Question 13
The phenomenon of war boosting economic productivity and employment is referred to as:
War economy
War machine
Military industrial complex
War industrial economy
Question 14
Violence that is intentionally dramatic and enacted for the purpose of attracting attention and publicity and spreading fear is known as:
Dramaturgical violence
Histrionic violence
Dramatical violence
Performative violence
Question 15
Of the 2.5 million young enlisted U.S. men served in Vietnam, about what percentage were from working-class and poor backgrounds?
35
66
74
80
Question 16
The U.S.-Afghanistan conflict is an example of:
Asymmetrical guerilla warfare
Large-scale combat
Genocidal conflict
Preemptive war of aggression
Question 17
The science of population size, distribution, and composition is defined as:
Ethnography
Population studies
Demography
Demographics
Question 18
Which of the following is a characteristic of a second demographic transition?
Decreased rates of divorce
A rise of non-marital births as a proportion of all births
A rise in the rate of natural increase (RNI)
Larger family sizes
Question 19
Which is the preferred measure for demographers to estimate future fertility?
Crude birth rates
Age-specific fertility rates
Age-specific live births
Crude death rates
Question 20
What total fertility rate represents replacement rate fertility (in which each parent is able to replace himself or herself)?
2.1
2.5
2.0
1.9
Question 21
Temporary gatherings of closely interacting people with a common focus are known as:
Crowds
Riots
Masses
Contagions
Question 22
The development of increasing societal complexity through the creation of specialized social roles and institutions is referred to as:
Differentiation
Specialization
Interdependence
Division of labor
Question 23
Dominant ideas that lead people to consent to their own domination are known as:
Ideologies
Hegemonies
Dogmas
Ideological subjugations
Question 24
Which of the following theorists highlighted the importance of ideas in maintaining order and oppression in society?
Karl Marx
Max Weber
Antonio Gramsci
Pierre Bourdieu
Question 25
According to Antonio Gramsci, _____ intellectuals are those who emerge from oppressed groups and create counterhegemonies that challenge dominant and dominating ideas.
traditional
organic
mechanical
Marxist

 

 
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