Angela Davis ends Chapter 3 of Women, Race, and Class with the idea that the women’s movement, while involved in abolitionism, failed to address “racist consciousness.” What does this mean? What is “consciousness raising” and what is its purpose according to one of the authors from TBCMB (Moraga, Anzaldúa, Rushin)

Sample Solution

1. State which relations, if any, hold between the members of the pairs of lexemes given below: opposition, antonymy, complementarity, converseness, non-binary contrast, hyponymy, co-hyponymy, absolute synonymy, cognitive synonymy, plesionymy, quasi- versions of any of these, para- versions of any of these. If more than one of these relations hold, state all of them. If none of these relations holds between the members of a pair, say so. Consider the lexemes in their most common, literal, meanings. Explain your answers (your explanations will not be graded, but they may help to convince me that you are correct, if I disagree with you). (10 points)

a. brave – cowardly

b. chess – game

c. lake – sea

d. rich – wealthy

e. preposition – omelette

f. heart – liver (organs of the body)

g. money – pocket

h. cup – handle

i. gradable – ungradable (with reference to opposites)

j. owner – possession

2. Construct a complete truth table for the following proposition: (p v q) à (r & ~r). Your table must include truth values for all of the component propositions. (5 points)
3. Translate the following into predicate logic (every property should be expressed by a separate predicate. (3 points)

a. Some linguist is tall and some linguist is young.

b. Chomsky likes all teachers.

Turn page over à

4. Which of the following relations, if any, hold between the members of the following pairs: unilateral entailment, mutual entailment, lexical paraphrase, structural paraphrase, presupposition? If more than one of these relations holds, state all of them. If unilateral entailment holds, state which member of the pair entails which. If presupposition holds, state which member of the pair presupposes which. If none of these relations holds between the members of a pair, say so. Consider all sentences in their literal sense. Explain your answers (your explanations will not be graded, but they may help to convince me that you are correct, if I disagree with you). (7 points)

a. i. John likes Jane

ii. Jane likes John.

b. i. Alan hates tomatoes.

ii. No one should ever eat tomatoes.

c. i. Jim speaks English and French.

ii. Jim speaks more than one language.

d. i. Bill was angry about Jane’s late arrival.

ii. Jane arrived late.

e. i. Mary can run very quickly.

ii. Mary can run very fast.

Sample Solution

April 26, 1986, was a day that would live in infamy: the day of the Chernobyl accident. Several explosions at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant caused a fire which subsequently released radioactive material into the atmosphere. Unfortunately, a good bit of misinformation was then shared, which did little to help the citizens in the Ukraine. People kept their windows closed against the nuclear fallout. There was also a report of iodine helping with radiation, so supplies of iodine were quickly depleted (Jacobsen et al., 2014).

Sample Solution