1. The theoretical foundations of qualitative and quantitative methods are very different, but many researchers believe both methods should be used in the research study to increase validity and reliability. A. What advantages or disadvantages do you see in using both types of methods in a nursing study? B. Support your answer with current evidence-based literature.

2. According to the textbook, nurses in various settings are adopting a research-based (or evidence-based) practice that incorporates research findings into their decisions and interactions with clients. How do you see this being applied in your workplace?

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Health Aspect Research Paper

FE2 Overview: 

Health Educators spend a lot of time “behind the scenes” assessing community needs, planning interventions, evaluating health promotion/health education programs, being resource persons, researching, putting together proposals, obtaining funding for health promotion and education, and creating health promotion and educational materials. What this means for you is, in addition to knowing about health and wellness, you also need to develop the skills for researching, writing, networking, and managing projects and people. Health Aspect Research Paper. Much of the good work you have done so far in class has been designed to help you develop some of these skills, as well as, learn about the health processes of aging. FE2 is another assignment designed along these lines.

You have already shown how much you have learned to date in this class! You have read and learned a lot about aging, and you have even gone out into your community to observe and talk with elders. Now how about using all this good work in a new way?

First, I’d like you to view the National Commission for Health Education Credentialing, Inc.’s (NCHEC) website containing the Eight Areas of Responsibility for Health Educators in HESPA II 2020 (when you reach this webpage, scroll down past HESPA 2015 to the HESPA 2020 information at https://www.nchec.org/responsibilities-and-competencies (Links to an external site.)

When you reach the HESPA II 2020 Eight Areas of Responsibility, the last item is a hyperlink to those Eight Areas of Responsibility.

One of the themes you may notice is before Health Educators begin to educate health consumers, they engage in a lot of work! This work includes observing, assessing, researching data, and creating health education and promotional material. Scan through the NCHEC website – can you see how the work you have been doing in the course so far follows the descriptions? In particular, read Area of Responsibility 1: Assess of Needs and capacity,  II: Planning, and VI: Communication. Can you see how some of the work you did in the Discussion boards assignments, and your interview for Field Experience 1 connect to these two Areas of Responsibility?

In the first two DB activities, you observed the elderly in your community, identified some of their specific needs, found real resources in your community, and discussed challenges the elderly encounter to access these resources. You also spoke to an elder in your community.

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For this assignment, you are going to combine this knowledge and use it as if you were serving as a Health Education resource person. For this FE you will be combining what you have learned in your course activities with material from your text in order to create mini health awareness and promotion campaign. In this FE activity, you will be applying what you have learned from your previous assignments to create a small health education awareness campaign as if you were a health educator working with seniors in your community.  Health Aspect Research Paper.

Instructions: 

Health Educators often engage in awareness campaigns and promotions as a means to connect people to services and vice versa. This assignment may be likened to a mini version of such a health education effort. This assignment has 2-parts. A formal paper in which you will outline your plan and describe your process.

Part 1: Formal Paper:

First, go back and review the work you and your classmates did in DBs 1, 2 & 3, your FE1, and review the chapter summaries in your text. Take a look at what you identified as specific needs of the elders in your community. Next, take a look at the ideas both you and your classmates came up with to address the needs of the elderly. Pay close attention to ideas for how to raise elders’ awareness about resources available to them, and how to connect them to these resources. For your formal paper, you will need to reflect on how you are connecting what you have read and done in class with the campaign/presentation you create for part two of this assignment.

Here are some guiding questions to help you get started with your paper:

1. Reflect on what you have learned so far and how you will use it for FE2.–Discuss how your readings and your work in the course thus far connects with the mini awareness campaign you are creating for Part 2 of this assignment. For example, you might talk about how what you are doing connects theory to practice. Health Aspect Research Paper. You might talk about what you are creating that connects to the Areas of Responsibility on the NCHEC website. You may also include what you learned from your classmates as part of this section.

Another area to include in your paper is describing what you have learned and how you are applying this learning towards creating a health promotion and awareness campaign for seniors in your community. In this section, you would be specifically discussing your rationale, your plan, and how you would go about implementing it. Note: you may want to include information about how you came to understand the needs and challenges, what you will be presenting, how you will present it, and special accommodations you will make for seniors at the presentation and why. Who is your specific audience (narrow your scope from ALL seniors to a specific sub-group of seniors in your community that perhaps have one common health need)? Why have you chosen them?

2. Pick a health promotion or health awareness-raising need for seniors for your campaign. Talk about what you know about the senior health need/topic, and how you came to decide on this senior health need/topic.  For example…How did you go about identifying the topic? How do you know this is a relevant area to focus on? Why is this important to you and to seniors in your community?
3. What are specific actual resources in your community that may meet these needs? How do you learn about these resources? What have you done to verify these as relevant and quality resources?
4. What are some of your ideas for connecting this group of seniors/elders with these resources? Given their age and situation, what special considerations or accommodations might you need to include in your awareness campaign? (For example, how will you get the information to them? Will you go to them? Do you plan to hold a presentation at a location? How will they get there? What about hearing, physical, or visual accessibility considerations during the presentations?)
5. When, where, and how would it be best to present to the seniors/elders in your community?
6. To ensure the success of your campaign, Who else (person or agency or non-profit) might you need to include on this project? What types of funding/staffing might be needed? What might be sources for funding/staffing?
7. Finally, what other type of research or resources might you need to add to your plan?  Health Aspect Research Paper.

Reminder for Formal Papers = formal written work you will be using APA style, and formatting as that is what is required for all formal writing assignments. You will be using only APA style for your written assignments. If you do not already own an APA style manual 7th edition, please purchase one for easy reference or use TWU Library resources for APA formatting. You may also use the APA website. In addition to using APA style for your work, you are also to compose your formal writing assignments in a professional writing style and tone. Be mindful of grammar, syntax, spelling, and style. The TWU Write Site also offers additional online and face-to-face assistance and support for writing.

Discusion 1:

Challnges I felt:

For my observation, I visited the mall because it is the place where all age group people can be found. Some of the challenges I noticed for elderly people were about the disabled parking issue. Even though they tried to keep the disabled parking as near to the entrance but still I felt it was too much for them to walk to get into entrance. On top of that I felt there was a lack of wheelchair on each and every entrance of the mall which will make them even more harder to walk.

Perception I felt:

The elderly population were treated nice by other shoppers and store personnel. The only thing that bothered me was that there were very few stores that was eligible to shop for elderly population. There was a little less variety available for elderly people. The good thing I noticed while I was on a line for checkout, I saw young people were letting elderly people to go into the checkout so they dont have to wait for long. Even though most of them showed respect towards elderly people but there were some shoppers who showed their frustration and got annoyed by the elderly for taking longer time in checkout.

Stereotypes:

Yes, ofcourse I felt shopping personnal were affected by the myth about the elderly population clothing choice. Shoppers were pretty much confident nd were showing them the clothes without even asking. Like I saw one old lady she was at the store and were looking at the clothes and store personnel came in with cardigan and said it would perfectly fit well to her without knowing if she was wanting that or not.Health Aspect Research Paper.  I know elederly people have a decent style but in the mall i saw some of the elderly population styling themselves in a cool way.

Accesibility:

Yes, the store was accessible for the elderly population. I saw the wheelchair or walker in almost every stores which was a very good point. Yes, I found most of the stores with adequate and readable signage. lighting which is good and can help the elderly population to walk properly while doing a shopping. But talking about the sitting place I felt it was not easily available especially in the weekened.

I had an opportunity to have a conversation with the old lady who was a shopper. She shared that she had an amazing help from the shop personnel and even from the other young shoppers. She said a young girl helped her to take her stuff into the car. The lady I talked was old but she was not in need of the walker.

From the textbook I came to learn that elderly population have different experiences based on their race and ethnicity or how long they long they have been in the US.¹ I believe this is the situation that must be taken into consideration while studying and going over the challenges elderly population faces.

Reference

Ferrini, A. F., & Ferrini, R. L. (2013). Health in the Later Years (5th ed.). New York, NY: Mcgraw-Hill. Health Aspect Research Paper.

Discussion 2

For my discussion, I was not able to call the agency due to a snowstorm therefore, I talked to few people near my neighborhood and I have many elderly people living near my area. I live in Dallas County and after having a couple of conversations with the people I came to know that Arthritis and Heart disease and diabetes are very common problems among the elderly population. After a conversation with them, I researched the information online for the proper information.

Based upon my finding, the major health issues are Arthritis and Heart disease. 1. Arthritis is a major health challenge for people ages 65 years and above. This ailment will lower the state of health of a person with an increase in pain. Further, arthritis leads to reduces movements (Fan et al., 2019). When an old person discovers that they are suffering from arthritis, there is a need to work closely with doctors in preventive measures. 2. Also, people over the age of 65 years are getting killed by heart diseases. For instance, the effects of heart disease are estimated to affect approximately 37 percent of men and 26 percent of women. The aging of people causes high chances of having high blood pressure and high level of cholesterol (Fan et al., 2019). At this moment, it is easy for an individual to develop heart disease. Having said that with all the health issues most elderly people have been ended up with diabetes which is a critical issue.

Services to the elderly should include special handling of their healthcare needs. Elderly people require attention from medical personnel. From the community, elderly people are collected at a common point with an aim of providing medical attention (Takahashi, et al., 2017). For example, a rehabilitation center helps in providing information concerning their response to medication. Further, rehabilitation center controls on the diet they are undertaking. Healthcare providers in rehabilitation centers help in providing information on how to manage conditions at an old age.

Healthcare personnel may be willing and ready to provide medical attention to old people. However, there may be limitations of barriers to providing quality healthcare services for elderly people. For example, economic stability may be a barrier preventing required personnel from reaching out to elderly people. There can be economic hardship with some of the elderly family so some of the old people cannot afford the expensive health screening.  Also sometimes, Healthcare personnel may not have the ability to access medical equipment (Takahashi, et al., 2017). Health Aspect Research Paper. Also, social and community context may prevent access to providing services to the old. Some communities have a negative perception of medical personnel therefore, they may not allow their access.

As an educator, increasing awareness is creating smaller groups of educating elderly people on health matters. Dealing with a large number of people is challenging. Having a smaller number of people will enable the education to be effective (Hadjipavlou et al., 2018). Although there may be challenges of reaching out to all adults effectively in the rehabilitation center, programs of accommodating many people should be applicable. Some matters of heart disease, diabetes, arthritis may not be addressed for a larger group. However, setting up programs that take into consideration matters of health of each individual will be effective. As a health educator, my main concern was about diabetes because most of the elderly ultimately end up having diabetes along with many other health issues. Outcomes of diabetes care can be evident when an individual gets the required attention of health. On the other hand, failure of providing personal care may be challenging when medical care is the only form of care that is applicable to an individual. The utilization of health care to fit all individuals is my goal as an educator.

First, as an educator, supporting the health of the elderly to available resources will be in line with their potentials. The first step of utilizing available resources is exhausting information on how to apply them (Hadjipavlou et al., 2018). Therefore, support and well-being of people in the rehabilitation center through recognizing that there are limited resources in a community. Connecting elders in a community to resources requires attending to the needs of a community through linking up with resource providers. For example, groups such as charity groups should have a list of requirements available in the rehabilitation center. This is manageable if elders are opening up with their personal requirements. Further, connecting elders to resources can take place through the management of available resources. As an educator, the management of available resources will create a room for ensuring all elders get a share of resources. Health Aspect Research Paper.

In conclusion, dealing with the health state of elderly people requires attention. Their vulnerability requires such individuals to be provided with the necessary equipment in which they deserve. Attention should be increased especially when they are under the effects of certain diseases.

References

Takahashi, Y., Nishida, Y., Kitamura, K., & Mizoguchi, H. (2017, October). Handrail IoT sensor for precision healthcare of elderly people in smart homes. In 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Robotics and Intelligent Sensors (IRIS) (pp. 364-368). IEEE.

Fan, X., Huang, H., Xie, Q., Pang, X., & Xie, C. (2019, November). Hexagram Linkage: An Ambient Assistive Living System with Healthcare for Elderly People Living Alone. In International Conference on Internet of Things as a Service (pp. 343-362). Springer, Cham.

Hadjipavlou, G., Varcoe, C., Tu, D., Dehoney, J., Price, R., & Browne, A. J. (2018). “All my relations”: experiences and perceptions of Indigenous patients connecting with Indigenous Elders in an inner city primary care partnership for mental health and well-being. CMAJ, 190(20), E608-E615. Health Aspect Research Paper.

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Dicussion 3

• For my project, I worked with a senior living with health issues such as diabetes or heart disease. The two topics I choose are exercise and physical activity which is important for the senior. I choose this because diabetes and heart disease are crucial and common diseases in an older population. Exercise doesn’t have to be heavy but just a simple outdoor walk can improve the cardiovascular system and helps to improve the health of an older population. Staying physically active helps to improve emotional and mental health. Therefore, I truly believe in getting physically active even for the senior population. The other topic I choose from the resources is choosing healthy meals as you get older. Choosing healthy eating habits is not only important for seniors but also important for young people because how we nurture our bodies at a young age will lead to our old age. Healthy food choice is not only about salads or non-tasty food. There are different options for selecting healthy meals. Simply drinking water is also the choice of getting a healthier lifestyle. The human body contains almost 70% of the water so it is important for us to fuel ourselves with water. In the case of senior people with heart disease and diabetes, they need to be more focused on choosing and planning their meals with a variety of vegetables. It is important for them to go with the proper size while eating their meal because older people don’t have good digestion ability as compared with the young ones. Therefore, I recommend my senior people with diabetes and heart disease to choose healthy eating and a healthy lifestyle.
• The two main specific points I choose from the resources were the emotional benefit of exercise because the senior population is usually emotional and if their physical health becomes better then obviously there will be a huge improvement in the emotional health and will help them to be strong and feel less anxious and depressed. I highly believe in taking physical exercise as a key in improving emotional feeling. Health Aspect Research Paper.  Getting physical activity every day can improve the strength of the muscle and bone and helps to reduce injury for senior people. The other specific point I want to focus on my senior people is planning a meal in a smart way because diabetes and heart disease patients must eat in a timely manner but with good portion size. It is flexible as well as sensible to plan and make a healthy as a good meal so that it becomes convenient to eat later also. This way they won’t be able to grab an unhealthy meal for them.
• It is complex for the senior people to tell and guide like a kid in their eating pattern and telling them to exercise daily. I would try to give the benefits of all the points that I choose and explain everything in detail so that they get good and proper information. I will be showing and going to work along with them so that they even get my support and that can make them feel better emotionally and motivate them to do the work so that they can be healthy and strong equally.
• I applied the information about health literacy to my senior people. The reading information helped me to understand communicate with them easily and also helped me to utilize the good health information and share it with them so that they can have trust in me. The health literacy skill helped me to take a good decision on my senior person which of course helped them to improve their health and also good lifestyle.

Reference

Choosing Healthy Meals As You Get Older. (2021). Retrieved 18 March 2021, from https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/choosing-healthy-meals-you-get-older

Real-Life Benefits of Exercise and Physical Activity. (2021). Retrieved 18 March 2021, from https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/real-life-benefits-exercise-and-physical-activity. Health Aspect Research Paper. 

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For this assignment, you are expected to identify a sub-population within a mental health agency, then research the state and federal policies that may impact the identified clients. Finally, discuss if there is a possibility for you to advocate on behalf of those clients.

Submit a 3 page paper in which you:

1. Identify the subpopulation
2. Identify State and federal policies and discuss their impact on the clients identified
3. Provide suggestions for Mental health agency
4. Discuss possibilities to advocate for the clients

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Components of a Cell Assignment Paper

Respond to all of the initial postings from your peers in your discussion group on different days of the week.

Peer 1

Initial Post: Identify all the components of a cell. Describe the function of each of these components.

All living organisms are composed of a cell which is the smallest structural unit of living matter. A cell acts as a powerhouse to sustain the functions of living organisms for them to be alive, and it is made up of different components performing different functions.  The organelles that make up a cell include the nucleus, mitochondria, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, vacuoles, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, Cytoskeleton, lysosomes, and peroxisomes, each of them acting independently to sustain the cell’s life.

The nucleus is the main headquarter of a cell and contains most of the cell’s DNA, genetic code that contains hereditary information. It’s bounded in the eukaryotic cell membrane, and it controls and regulates cell growth and metabolism. Within the nucleus, a nucleolus is responsible for producing and assembling the cell’s ribosomes. Ribosomes as cell components consist of RNA and associated proteins that synthesize proteins (McCance & Huether, 2018). Components of a Cell Assignment Paper. This protein is required in many cellular functions, such as directing chemical processes. The lysosome is another cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes. These lysosomes break down worn-out parts of a cell and may destroy invading viruses and bacteria. Peroxisomes are another bag of enzymes that destroy toxic materials.

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            Mitochondria is the cell’s powerhouse located in the cell’s cytoplasm, which plays an imperative role in cell respiration. It generates most of the chemical energy required to power the biochemical reactions of a cell (McCance & Huether, 2018). This chemical energy produced by the mitochondrion is stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The cytoplasm is another cell organelle that holds components of a cell and protects them from damage. It also stores molecules needed for cellular processes and gives the cell shape.

As another cell organelle, Cytoskeleton is responsible for maintaining the cell’s shape and provides mechanical support that enhances cell division and movement.

The plasma membrane, also known as the cell membrane, transports nutrients into the cell and toxic substances out of the cell. It also provides additional support to the cell. Within a cell, we also have the Golgi apparatus, also known as Golgi bodies, which process and package proteins destined to be exported from the cell and lipid molecules (Wayne, 2019). Another organelle is the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum responsible for producing proteins for the rest of the cell to function.

The vacuole is another cell component that stores molecules, including water, food product, and enzyme. It also maintains the proper cell hydrostatic pressure as well as maintaining an acidic internal PH. It also isolates toxic materials that might be a threat to the cell. Components of a Cell Assignment Paper.

References

McCance K., L., & Huether, S., E. (2018). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.) St Louis, MO: Mosby Inc.

Wayne, R. (2019). Golgi apparatus. Plant Cell Biology, 99-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-814371-1.00006-0

Peer 2

All the functions of the body rely heavily on the dignity of the cells. Therefore, to understand the disease, an understanding of cellular biology is inherently necessary. Through the process of differentiation, or maturation, cells become specialized, allowing certain cells to perform one function while others perform another. Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus are the three major components of a cell.

Plasma Membranes

Membranes delineate the cell’s borders. Membranes are essential for normal physiologic function since they control the composition of the vacuum, or compartment, in which they enclose, whether they surround the cell or enclose an intracellular organelle. They can allow or disallow different molecules to travel in and out of space, as a result of the selective transportation systems. By regulating the passage of substances from one compartment to another, membranes have a significant effect on metabolic pathways. Components of a Cell Assignment Paper. Directional transportation is aided by polarized fields, distinct apical and basolateral fields. Cell polarity retains natural cell and tissue structure for a variety of purposes, the most important of which is the transfer of nutrients in and out of the cell but is compromised in diseases like cancer. Aside from these features, the plasma membrane is essential for cell-to-cell identification. Other functions of the plasma membrane comprise cellular mobility and shape maintenance.

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Cytoplasm

Cytoplasm is an aqueous solution (cytosol) that fills the cytoplasmic matrix, which is located between the nuclear envelope and the plasma membrane. The cytosol accounts for roughly half of the volume of a eukaryotic cell. It contains thousands of enzymes involved in intermediate metabolism and is densely packed with ribosomes, which produce proteins. Protein synthesis and degradation are primarily carried out in the cytosol. In the absence of a sorting signal for transport to a cell organelle, newly synthesized proteins remain in the cytosol. Organelles suspended in the cytoplasm are encased in biologic membranes, allowing them to perform functions requiring multiple biochemical environments at the same time. Such roles include synthesis of proteins and hormones and their transport out of the cell, separation and removal of waste products from the cell, metabolic processes, breakdown and disposal of cellular debris and foreign proteins (antigens), and maintenance of cellular structure and motility, all of which are directed by coded messages carried from the nucleus by RNA. The cytosol also serves as a storage location for fat, carbohydrate, and secretory vesicles.

Nucleus

The nucleus is the largest membrane-bound organelle. It is surrounded by cytoplasm and is usually situated in the cell’s center. The nucleus’ key functions are cell division and genetic information regulation. DNA replication and repair, as well as transcription of data encoded in DNA, are among the other functions.

Reference

McCance, S.H. K. Pathophysiology. [South University]. Retrieved from https://digitalbookshelf.southuniversity.edu/#/books/9780323583473/.  Components of a Cell Assignment Paper. 

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Introduction to Programming paper

Complete Exercise 6 on page 121 using the following instructions.

Lesson 1 Project

Scenario

A personal trainer asks you to create a program to calculate and display clients’ body mass index (BMI). Use the information in Exercise 6 on page 121 to create this program by

1. Creating the pseudocode for this program
2. Creating a flowchart for this program

Hint: Use RAPTOR, Visio, or Microsoft Word’s Drawing toolbar to create the flowchart.

Grading

Your instructor will grade your project as follows:

• Used the lessons learned in this course to create the pseudocode for this program 25 points

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• Created the modules for an effective program25 points

• Created a flowchart for this program using lessons learned in this course25 points

• Used the appropriate flowchart shapes to create a flowchart 25 points

Complete Exercise 6 on page 121 using the following instructions.

Lesson 1 Project

Scenario

A personal trainer asks you to create a program to calculate and display clients’ body mass index (BMI). Use the information in Exercise 6 on page 121 to create this program by Introduction to Programming paper

1. Creating the pseudocode for this program
2. Creating a flowchart for this program

Hint: Use RAPTOR, Visio, or Microsoft Word’s Drawing toolbar to create the flowchart.

Grading

Your instructor will grade your project as follows:

• Used the lessons learned in this course to create the pseudocode for this program 25 points

• Created the modules for an effective program25 points

• Created a flowchart for this program using lessons learned in this course25 points

• Used the appropriate flowchart shapes to create a flowchart 25 points Introduction to Programming paper

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