You have decided to create a consulting business to address increasing market needs for sustainability and innovation in the community. You want to emphasize how businesses can make incremental changes in the workplace to achieve sustainable results that increase profitability and brand reputation. The mission of the company is to “facilitate sustainable social, economic, and environmental development opportunities for the good of businesses in the community.” The company should be designed as a mission-driven, for-profit organization that will create partnerships that result in sustainable changes for the community. You would like your business to be successful so that your consulting firm can raise your city’s ranking in the “Most Sustainable and Innovative Communities” list from the top 20% of all U.S. communities to the top 10%.

Before you design a business venture plan that includes its organizational design, you will identify how the business will generate revenue. You will assess the sustainability and innovation needs for 30 businesses in the local community in the first year. You will then share the results of those assessments with all business stakeholders to generate feedback that will be used to develop and implement proposals for consulting. You would also like to hire three university students as part-time interns to help you develop an organizational structure. You are interested in seeking investors in the business community who would like to take a leadership role in the business and its decision-making.

You are excited about this opportunity and begin considering the organizational structure for your consulting business.

A.  Describe an organizational structure you would select for the consulting business in the scenario by doing the following:

1.  Describe the main features of one of the following organizational structures that would meet the needs of the consulting business and explain how this structure applies to the scenario.

•   functional

•   divisional

•   matrix

•   teams

2.  Using the chosen organizational structure described in part A1, explain how each of the following four factors work within the chosen organizational structure for the consulting business in the scenario:

•   functions or departments

•   chain of command

•   centralized or decentralized

•   level of formality

B.  Describe one of the following organizational theories, and explain how it can be used to support the organizational structure described in part A1:

•   scientific management

•   bureaucratic

•   administrative

•   neoclassical

•   modern

•   contingency/situational

C.  Describe how an organizational structure can impact the effectiveness of the consulting business in the scenario by doing the following:

1.  Using the goal-approach model of organizational effectiveness, describe how the organizational structure selected in part A1 can impact the effectiveness of the consulting business in the scenario.

2.  Using the goal-approach model of organizational effectiveness, explain the advantages or disadvantages of using one of the organizational structures from the list in part A1 that is different from the structure already selected for the consulting business.

D.  Acknowledge sources, using in-text citations and references, for content that is quoted, paraphrased, or summarized.

E.  Demonstrate professional communication in the content and presentation of your submission.

 

Literature reviews help to provide boundaries of what is known about a particular field and serve to guide researchers in their quest to uncover the mysteries and nuances of a selected issue or problem. A well-developed review of literature is essential to a thorough, well-considered paper. Whether the writing is intended for a high-end scholarly journal or a student’s weekly assignment, the literature review pertains to uncovering the body of knowledge that previous researchers have generated. It is a savvy researcher who is able to take advantage of the existing base of knowledge in the creation of a new line of inquiry. A literature review should be conducted at the beginning of a research study.

Using Chapter 2 of the Creswell text as guidance, write a literature review for your preferred area of criminal justice study. To successfully complete this study, you must

• Identify a particular area of criminal justice.
• Define the area’s boundaries by explaining the methodologies and statistical techniques used.
• Describe the specific canon of literature found.
• Define the field in general.
• Critique the field, including areas requiring further examination.

The literature review

• Must be three to five double-spaced pages in length (not including title and references pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Writing Center (Links to an external site.) (sample Literature Review (Links to an external site.) in the Writing Center).
• Must include a separate title page with the following:
  • Title of paper
  • Student’s name
  • Course name and number
  • Instructor’s name
  • Date submitted
• Must use at least five peer-reviewed sources in addition to the course text.
• Must document all sources in APA style as outlined in the Writing Center.
• Must include a separate references page that is formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Writing Center.

Carefully review the Grading Rubric (Links to an external site.) for the criteria that will be used to evaluate your assignment

American Presidency Summer 2022 Short Paper Assignment #2 Write a 4-5 page paper (suggested length) answering one of the following questions. Your response should make careful use of the relevant readings and provide an opening thesis statement indicating your main argument. Papers should be typed, double-spaced, with 12-point font and 1” margins. All sources must be cited (parenthetical citations and footnotes are both acceptable options, but please include page numbers in your citations). Grades will reflect the quality of your analysis, effective use of sources, and overall presentation and organization. Papers are due by the end of the day on August 12 (uploaded to Canvas). Questions (Pick One) 1. Compare Skowronek with either Neustadt or with the theory of the modern presidency outlined by Pika, Maltese & Rudalevige and also discussed by Grover (see his discussion of Rossiter). Can Skowronek’s idea of “political time” be usefully combined with either of these arguments, or does it necessarily challenge them? In answering this question, be sure to also indicate the key insights of each perspective. Please Note: In all cases, you should feel free to draw on specific examples from any of the readings to support your analysis. In other words, if you find it helpful to talk about Franklin Roosevelt, or Kennedy, or a specific policy detail from Pika et al. alongside your discussion of the ‘theories,’ then please do so. My previous writing looks like this, just so you know my level of writing. I was super busy and it is not good but you get the idea. The Imperial Presidency and The Presidential Power and Modern Presidency The Imperial Presidency and the Presidential power and modern Presidency are discussed in the two articles. The former is based on uncontrolled power of the president, while negotiation and persuasion are used by presidents in the latter to accomplish their goals. Presidents become imperial when the constitutional balance favors their power and undermines their accountability. Since WW2, the imperial presidency tends to be prompted by international crises, according to Schlesinger and shrinks during peace. He believes the imperial president is a threat to the constitution because “the rise of the imperial presidency ran against the original intent of the framers of the constitution” (p.47) Additionally, Schlesinger argues that modern presidents’ powers are uncontrolled, and that foreign policy is at the heart of the threat to the constitution because “in domestic policy, the legislative and judiciary branches of government don’t hesitate to challenge the President.” on the other hand, “when it comes to foreign affairs, they lack confidence and are likely to be intimidated by executive authority” (p.45) Moreover, despite the president’s unilateral power on national security and the fact that the president is empowered to act without Congress, Schlesinger undermines the power of the executive branch by stating, “the presidency was only given the power of receiving and appointing ambassadors, and by implication, of serving as the channel of communications to foreign states.” (p.48). Nevertheless, article two grants broad executive powers to the president which makes it easy for the executive branch to be the prime agent dealing with foreign affairs. Due to this, both modern and early presidents used it to expand their powers without congressional appropriation. In contrast, Though the constitution gives the president a great deal of power, for instance during national security, and, as Neustadt points out, the state creates the capacity for the president to act far more easily without Congress, yet he believes that the president must have persuasive skills in order for things to be accomplished. As a result of the constitution that is complicated and created a government that is “separated powers and rather, it created a government of separated institutions sharing powers” 212. The congress and the executive share the authority, so the president cannot fire them even if they are an obstacle, so he must persuade them in any way he can. That is why Truman once said, “I sit here all day trying to persuade people to do the things they ought to have sense enough to do without my persuading them… that is all the powers of the president amount to” (p. 212). Effective methods of success for a president would be to use formal constitution powers, which are once again shared powers. The logic of argument and this method doesn’t always win his favor, command which doesn’t work all the time “Do this! Do that!” And nothing will happen” and persuasion. Neustadt focuses on the last one. “The connection between persuasion and bargaining is central to Neustadt’s thesis” because “for Neustadt the essence of presidential power is the power to persuade” (Grover, p.33). He believes that for a president to be successful he has to have persuasive skills and his. So that way they act the way the president wants. In this way he thinks that the president has enough power to do so because he said, “the President’s advantages are greater than mere listings of his powers might suggest” (p.214) he also stated “the president’s authority and status give him great advantages in dealing with men he would persuade.

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