Public Health: Science, Politics, and Prevention

Public Health: Science, Politics, and Prevention

Public Health: Science, Politics, and Prevention

CHAPTER 1

Public Health: Science, Politics, and Prevention

 

 

Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com.

 

Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com

What Is Public Health?

C.E.A. Winslow provided the definition of public health in 1920 that is still valid today.

IOM’s The Future of Public Health refocused attention on public health and revitalized the field.

Mission is “fulfillment of society’s interest in assuring the conditions in which people can be healthy.”

Substance is “organized community efforts aimed at the prevention of disease and the promotion of health.”

Public Health: Science, Politics, and Prevention

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Core Functions of Public Health

Core functions of public health:

Assessment

Policy development

Assurance

 

 

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Public Health Versus Medical Care

In medicine, the patient is the individual; in public health, the patient is the community.

Public health diagnoses the health of the community using public health sciences.

Treatment of a community involves new policies and interventions.

Goal of medicine is to cure; goal of public health is to prevent disease and disability.

Less than 3% of the nation’s total health spending is devoted to public health.

Life expectancy of Americans has increased by 30 years over the 20th century, and only 5 of the 30 years are attributed to modern medicine.

 

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Public Health: Science and Politics

Science is how we understand threats to health, determine what interventions might work, and evaluate whether the interventions worked.

Politics is how we as a society make decisions about what policies to implement.

Politics is part of both the policy development and assurance functions of public health.

Community pays for public health initiatives through taxes.

 

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Public Health Disciplines

Epidemiology

Statistics

Biomedical Sciences

Environmental Health Science

Social and Behavioral Sciences

Health Policy and Management

 

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Epidemiology

Epidemiology is the basic science of public health.

The study of epidemics:

Focuses on human populations, usually starting with an outbreak of disease in a community

Looks for common exposures, seeking the causative factor

Deciphers causes of new disease and prevents spread of old, well-understood diseases

Epidemiologists are mainstays of local public health departments.

“Shoe-leather epidemiology”

 

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Statistics

Governments collect health data on the population.

These numbers are diagnostic tools for the health of the community.

The science of statistics is used to calculate risks and benefits.

Statistical analysis is an integral part of any epidemiological study seeking the cause of a disease.

Statistical analysis is an integral part of any clinical study testing the effectiveness of a new drug.

 

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Biomedical Sciences

A major portion of human disease is caused by microorganisms.

Control of infectious diseases was a major public health focus in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

Biomedical research remains important to understanding and control of new diseases and noninfectious diseases.

Chronic diseases

Genetics

 

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Environmental Health Science

A classic component of public health:

Much of the public health improvement in the U.S. in the 20th century was due to improved environmental health.

Health is affected by exposure to environmental factors:

Air quality

Water quality

Solid and hazardous wastes

Safe food and drugs

Global environmental change

Thousands of new chemicals enter the environment every year, and little is known about their effect on human health.

 

 

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Social and Behavioral Sciences

Behavior is now the leading concern of factors that affect people’s health.

A theory of health behavior is that social environment affects people’s behavior.

Major health threats are tobacco, poor diet, and physical inactivity and injuries.

Blacks have a lower overall life expectancy than whites even when incomes are similar.

Other ethnic minority groups are also at increased risk for a variety of health problems.

 

 

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Health Policy and Management or Health Administration

This area of study examines the role of medical care in public health.

Cost of medical care in the U.S. is out of control.

U.S. has a high percentage of population without health insurance.

These people often lack access to medical care.

Quality of medical care can be measured and is often questionable.

Medical care has eaten up profits that could be used more beneficially for education, housing, and the environment.

 

 

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Public Health: Prevention and Intervention

Primary prevention prevents an illness or injury from occurring at all.

Secondary prevention minimizes the severity of the disease or injury once it has occurred.

Tertiary prevention minimizes disability by providing medical care and rehabilitation services.

 

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Public Health Approach

Define the health problem.

Identify risk factors associated with the problem.

Develop and test community-level interventions to control or prevent the cause of the problem.

Implement interventions to improve the health of the population.

Monitor interventions to assess their effectiveness.

 

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Chain of Causation

Chain of Causation involves:

Agent

Host

Environment

This is a traditional approach to dealing with infectious diseases.

Interventions can focus on any of these targets.

This model can also be used for other kinds of illnesses or injuries.

 

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Public Health and Terrorism

Events of 9/11 and the anthrax letters highlighted the importance of public health.

Public health response to disasters, natural and man-made, helps to control the damage and to prevent further harm to survivors and rescuers.

Public health response to 9/11 was essentially the same as needed for other disasters, such as factory explosions and plane crashes.

Bioterrorism is recognized primarily through classic public health measures similar to those used for natural epidemics.

The threat of bioterrorism did more to teach the public about public health than any educational program.

 

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Discussion Question 1

Describe actions that governments have taken to ensure that people are safer and healthier today than people were 100 years ago.

 

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Discussion Questions 2

What are the three core functions of public health?

How do these functions compare with the functions of medical care?

How are the six disciplines of public health used to accomplish the core functions?

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Discussion Question 3

Identify a health problem in your community.

What are some risk factors associated with the problem?

Suggest a possible intervention that the community could take to ameliorate the problem.

 

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Discussion Question 4

Visit the website for American Public Health Association (APHA), www.apha.org.

Read the highlights from the current issue of the American Journal of Public Health.

Which of the public health sciences does each of these articles belong to?

 

Visit the website for The Nation’s Health, the official newspaper of APHA, thenationshealth.aphapublications.org/.

Read the headlines of the current issue to get an idea of the range of topics encompassed by the field of public health.

 

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Workplace Environment Assessment. – nursing homework essays

Workplace Environment Assessment.

  • attachment

    ReadngResource.docx

THE QUESTION

 

To Prepare:

· Review the Resources and examine the Clark Healthy Workplace Inventory, found on page 20 of Clark (2015).

· Review the Work Environment Assessment Template.

· Reflect on the output of your Discussion post regarding your evaluation of workplace civility and the feedback received from colleagues.

· Select and review one or more of the following articles found in the Resources:

· Clark, Olender, Cardoni, and Kenski (2011)

· Clark (2018)

· Clark (2015)

· Griffin and Clark (2014)

The Assignment (3-6 pages total):

Part 1: Work Environment Assessment (1-2 pages)

· Review the Work Environment Assessment Template you completed for this Module’s Discussion.

· Describe the results of the Work Environment Assessment you completed on your workplace.

· Identify two things that surprised you about the results and one idea you believed prior to conducting the Assessment that was confirmed.

· Explain what the results of the Assessment suggest about the health and civility of your workplace.

Part 2: Reviewing the Literature (1-2 pages)

· Briefly describe the theory or concept presented in the article(s) you selected.

· Explain how the theory or concept presented in the article(s) relates to the results of your Work Environment Assessment.

· Explain how your organization could apply the theory highlighted in your selected article(s) to improve organizational health and/or create stronger work teams. Be specific and provide examples.

Part 3: Evidence-Based Strategies to Create High-Performance Interprofessional Teams (1–2 pages)

· Recommend at least two strategies, supported in the literature, that can be implemented to address any shortcomings revealed in your Work Environment Assessment.

· Recommend at least two strategies that can be implemented to bolster successful practices revealed in your Work Environment Assessment.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Required Readings

 

Broome, M., & Marshall, E. S. (2021). Transformational leadership in nursing: From expert clinician to influential leader (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Springer.

· Chapter 5, “Collaborative Leadership Contexts: It Is All About Working Together (pp. 155–178)

· Chapter 8, “Creating and Shaping the Organizational Environment and Culture to Support Practice Excellence” (pp. 237–272)

· Chapter 7, “Building Cohesive and Effective Teams” (pp. 212–231)

Select at least ONE of the following:

 

Clark, C. M., Olender, L., Cardoni, C., Kenski, D. (2011). Fostering civility in nursing education and practice. The Journal of Nursing Administration, 41(7/8), 324–330.

 

Clark, C. M. (2018). Combining cognitive rehearsal, simulation, and evidence-based scripting to address incivility. Nurse Educator.

 

Clark, C. M. (2015). Conversations to inspire and promote a more civil workplace. American Nurse Today, 10(11), 18–23. Retrieved from https://www.americannursetoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/ant11-CE-Civility-1023.pdf

 

 

Griffin, M., & Clark, C. M. (2014). Revisiting cognitive rehearsal as an intervention against incivility and lateral violence in nursing: 10 years later. Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 45(12), 535–542.

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Discussion: Authority And Tradition – nursing homework essays

Discussion: Authority And Tradition

Discussion: Authority And Tradition

Recall a situation when you were asked to perform a specific intervention and/or practice idea based on authority or tradition. Describe the intervention or practice. Based on your knowledge of evidence-based practice, does this practice still hold value now? Use an Evidence-Based Guideline or nursing specialty organization Standard of Practice to support your answer.

 

 

You must proofread your paper. But do not strictly rely on your computer’s spell-checker and grammar-checker; failure to do so indicates a lack of effort on your part and you can expect your grade to suffer accordingly. Papers with numerous misspelled words and grammatical mistakes will be penalized. Read over your paper – in silence and then aloud – before handing it in and make corrections as necessary. Often it is advantageous to have a friend proofread your paper for obvious errors. Handwritten corrections are preferable to uncorrected mistakes.

Use a standard 10 to 12 point (10 to 12 characters per inch) typeface. Smaller or compressed type and papers with small margins or single-spacing are hard to read. It is better to let your essay run over the recommended number of pages than to try to compress it into fewer pages. Discussion: Authority And Tradition

Likewise, large type, large margins, large indentations, triple-spacing, increased leading (space between lines), increased kerning (space between letters), and any other such attempts at “padding” to increase the length of a paper are unacceptable, wasteful of trees, and will not fool your professor.

The paper must be neatly formatted, double-spaced with a one-inch margin on the top, bottom, and sides of each page. When submitting hard copy, be sure to use white paper and print out using dark ink. If it is hard to read your essay, it will also be hard to follow your argument.

ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CLASS

Discussion Questions (DQ)

Initial responses to the DQ should address all components of the questions asked, include a minimum of one scholarly source, and be at least 250 words.
Successful responses are substantive (i.e., add something new to the discussion, engage others in the discussion, well-developed idea) and include at least one scholarly source.
One or two sentence responses, simple statements of agreement or “good post,” and responses that are off-topic will not count as substantive. Substantive responses should be at least 150 words.
I encourage you to incorporate the readings from the week (as applicable) into your responses.

Weekly Participation

Your initial responses to the mandatory DQ do not count toward participation and are graded separately.
In addition to the DQ responses, you must post at least one reply to peers (or me) on three separate days, for a total of three replies.
Participation posts do not require a scholarly source/citation (unless you cite someone else’s work).
Part of your weekly participation includes viewing the weekly announcement and attesting to watching it in the comments. These announcements are made to ensure you understand everything that is due during the week.

APA Format and Writing Quality

Familiarize yourself with APA format and practice using it correctly. It is used for most writing assignments for your degree. Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for APA paper templates, citation examples, tips, etc. Points will be deducted for poor use of APA format or absence of APA format (if required).
Cite all sources of information! When in doubt, cite the source. Paraphrasing also requires a citation.
I highly recommend using the APA Publication Manual, 6th edition.

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Use of Direct Quotes

I discourage overutilization of direct quotes in DQs and assignments at the Masters’ level and deduct points accordingly.
As Masters’ level students, it is important that you be able to critically analyze and interpret information from journal articles and other resources. Simply restating someone else’s words does not demonstrate an understanding of the content or critical analysis of the content.
It is best to paraphrase content and cite your source.

LopesWrite Policy

For assignments that need to be submitted to LopesWrite, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me.
Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes.
Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own?
Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score.

Late Policy

The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies.
Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.
If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect.
I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension.
As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.

Communication

Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me:
Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.
Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours.

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Conduct an internet search focusing on alternative methods of preventative care, i.e spiritual care, pet care, music therapy,

Conduct an internet search focusing on alternative methods of preventative care, i.e spiritual care, pet care, music therapy,

Conduct an internet search focusing on alternative methods of preventative care, i.e spiritual care, pet care, music therapy,

Conduct an internet search focusing on alternative methods of preventative care, i.e spiritual care, pet care, music therapy, etc. Compile a minimum of three (3) internet resources that address preventative health care and post to the DB.  Discuss the benefits and limitations to each resource, how these resources can be incorporated into patient care, and what population would benefit most from these.

  • Length: A minimum of 250 words, not including references
  • Citations: At least one high-level scholarly reference in APA from within the last 5 years

You must proofread your paper. But do not strictly rely on your computer’s spell-checker and grammar-checker; failure to do so indicates a lack of effort on your part and you can expect your grade to suffer accordingly. Papers with numerous misspelled words and grammatical mistakes will be penalized. Read over your paper – in silence and then aloud – before handing it in and make corrections as necessary. Often it is advantageous to have a friend proofread your paper for obvious errors. Handwritten corrections are preferable to uncorrected mistakes.

Use a standard 10 to 12 point (10 to 12 characters per inch) typeface. Smaller or compressed type and papers with small margins or single-spacing are hard to read. It is better to let your essay run over the recommended number of pages than to try to compress it into fewer pages.

Likewise, large type, large margins, large indentations, triple-spacing, increased leading (space between lines), increased kerning (space between letters), and any other such attempts at “padding” to increase the length of a paper are unacceptable, wasteful of trees, and will not fool your professor.

The paper must be neatly formatted, double-spaced with a one-inch margin on the top, bottom, and sides of each page. When submitting hard copy, be sure to use white paper and print out using dark ink. If it is hard to read your essay, it will also be hard to follow your argument.

ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CLASS

Discussion Questions (DQ)

Initial responses to the DQ should address all components of the questions asked, include a minimum of one scholarly source, and be at least 250 words.
Successful responses are substantive (i.e., add something new to the discussion, engage others in the discussion, well-developed idea) and include at least one scholarly source.
One or two sentence responses, simple statements of agreement or “good post,” and responses that are off-topic will not count as substantive. Substantive responses should be at least 150 words.
I encourage you to incorporate the readings from the week (as applicable) into your responses.

Weekly Participation

Your initial responses to the mandatory DQ do not count toward participation and are graded separately.
In addition to the DQ responses, you must post at least one reply to peers (or me) on three separate days, for a total of three replies.
Participation posts do not require a scholarly source/citation (unless you cite someone else’s work).
Part of your weekly participation includes viewing the weekly announcement and attesting to watching it in the comments. These announcements are made to ensure you understand everything that is due during the week.

APA Format and Writing Quality

Familiarize yourself with APA format and practice using it correctly. It is used for most writing assignments for your degree. Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for APA paper templates, citation examples, tips, etc. Points will be deducted for poor use of APA format or absence of APA format (if required).
Cite all sources of information! When in doubt, cite the source. Paraphrasing also requires a citation.
I highly recommend using the APA Publication Manual, 6th edition.

Use of Direct Quotes

I discourage overutilization of direct quotes in DQs and assignments at the Masters’ level and deduct points accordingly.
As Masters’ level students, it is important that you be able to critically analyze and interpret information from journal articles and other resources. Simply restating someone else’s words does not demonstrate an understanding of the content or critical analysis of the content.
It is best to paraphrase content and cite your source.

ORDER NOW FOR CUSTOMIZED, PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPERS

LopesWrite Policy

For assignments that need to be submitted to LopesWrite, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me.
Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes.
Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own?
Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score.

Late Policy

The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies.
Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.
If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect.
I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension.
As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.

Communication

Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me:
Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.
Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours.

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Use the following coupon code :
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Develop a case study and a plan of care, incorporating current mobile App technology

Develop a case study and a plan of care, incorporating current mobile App technology

Develop a case study and a plan of care, incorporating current mobile App technology

Apply what you have learned about Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, and demonstrate the ability to develop a holistic plan of care, incorporating Telehealth and defining assessment and intervention of specific population incorporating unique attributes of populations for health promotion, wellness preservation, and maintenance of function across the health-illness continuum.

Develop a case study and a plan of care, incorporating current mobile App technology:

  1. Select a population. Define your population by gender, age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, spiritual need, and healthcare need.  Apply concepts learned in course to identify healthcare needs specific to the population and access to care.  Also use at least two references within the five years.
  2. Develop a case study for a patient in your chosen population.
  3. Define a provider level of care that includes telehealth, alternative therapies, and mobile App technology discussed in this class. Describe how telehealth could impact the care delivery of this patient.

Hint: Concise, condensed information, with specifics and details about population and unique needs with a plan for meeting these needs should be considered. Incorporate the content you have learned in this course.

  • Length: 3 pages not including the title page and references page
  • Format: APA, 7th edition format is to be observed (12 pt., 1” margins, Times New Roman)
  • Research: Two references within the last five years

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You must proofread your paper. But do not strictly rely on your computer’s spell-checker and grammar-checker; failure to do so indicates a lack of effort on your part and you can expect your grade to suffer accordingly. Papers with numerous misspelled words and grammatical mistakes will be penalized. Read over your paper – in silence and then aloud – before handing it in and make corrections as necessary. Often it is advantageous to have a friend proofread your paper for obvious errors. Handwritten corrections are preferable to uncorrected mistakes.

Use a standard 10 to 12 point (10 to 12 characters per inch) typeface. Smaller or compressed type and papers with small margins or single-spacing are hard to read. It is better to let your essay run over the recommended number of pages than to try to compress it into fewer pages.

Likewise, large type, large margins, large indentations, triple-spacing, increased leading (space between lines), increased kerning (space between letters), and any other such attempts at “padding” to increase the length of a paper are unacceptable, wasteful of trees, and will not fool your professor.

The paper must be neatly formatted, double-spaced with a one-inch margin on the top, bottom, and sides of each page. When submitting hard copy, be sure to use white paper and print out using dark ink. If it is hard to read your essay, it will also be hard to follow your argument.

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Strategic planning in relationship to health care information systems.

Strategic planning in relationship to health care information systems.

Strategic planning in relationship to health care information systems.

Complete an Internet search of the term strategic planning. Browse one or two sites with information about strategic planning in relationship to health care information systems.

Explore several different perspectives on the strategic planning process. How do these approaches compare with the approach described in this chapter?

Write one paragraph answering the questions above. No APA style required.

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You must proofread your paper. But do not strictly rely on your computer’s spell-checker and grammar-checker; failure to do so indicates a lack of effort on your part and you can expect your grade to suffer accordingly. Papers with numerous misspelled words and grammatical mistakes will be penalized. Read over your paper – in silence and then aloud – before handing it in and make corrections as necessary. Often it is advantageous to have a friend proofread your paper for obvious errors. Handwritten corrections are preferable to uncorrected mistakes.

Use a standard 10 to 12 point (10 to 12 characters per inch) typeface. Smaller or compressed type and papers with small margins or single-spacing are hard to read. It is better to let your essay run over the recommended number of pages than to try to compress it into fewer pages.

Likewise, large type, large margins, large indentations, triple-spacing, increased leading (space between lines), increased kerning (space between letters), and any other such attempts at “padding” to increase the length of a paper are unacceptable, wasteful of trees, and will not fool your professor.

The paper must be neatly formatted, double-spaced with a one-inch margin on the top, bottom, and sides of each page. When submitting hard copy, be sure to use white paper and print out using dark ink. If it is hard to read your essay, it will also be hard to follow your argument.

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PATIENT INFORMATION – nursing homework essays

PATIENT INFORMATION

PATIENT INFORMATION

Soap Note # Main Diagnosis ( Exp: Soap Note #3 DX: Hypertension)

 

PATIENT INFORMATION

Name: Mr. DT

Age: 68-year-old

Gender at Birth: Male

Gender Identity: Male

Source: Patient

Allergies: PCN, Iodine

Current Medications:

· Atorvastatin tab 20 mg, 1-tab PO at bedtime PATIENT INFORMATION

· ASA 81mg po daily

· Multi-Vitamin Centrum Silver

PMH: Hypercholesterolemia

Immunizations: Influenza last 2018-year, tetanus, and hepatitis A and B 4 years ago.

Preventive Care: Coloscopy 5 years ago (Negative)

Surgical History: Appendectomy 47 years ago.

Family History: Father- died 81 does not report information

Mother-alive, 88 years old, Diabetes Mellitus, HTN

Daughter-alive, 34 years old, healthy

Social History: No smoking history or illicit drug use, occasional alcoholic beverage consumption on social celebrations. Retired, widow, he lives alone.

Sexual Orientation: Straight

Nutrition History: Diets off and on, Does not each seafood

Subjective Data:

Chief Complaint: “headaches” that started two weeks ago

Symptom analysis/HPI:

The patient is 65 years old male who complaining of episodes of headaches and on 3 different occasions blood pressure was measured, which was high (159/100, 158/98 and 160/100 respectively). Patient noticed the problem started two weeks ago and sometimes it is accompanied by dizziness. He states that he has been under stress in his workplace for the last month. Patient denies chest pain, palpitation, shortness of breath, nausea or vomiting.

 

Review of Systems (ROS)

CONSTITUTIONAL: Denies fever or chills. Denies weakness or weight loss. NEUROLOGIC: Headache and dizziness as describe above. Denies changes in LOC. Denies history of tremors or seizures.

HEENT: HEAD: Denies any head injury, or change in LOC. Eyes: Denies any changes in vision, diplopia or blurred vision. Ear: Denies pain in the ears. Denies loss of hearing or drainage. Nose: Denies nasal drainage, congestion. THROAT: Denies throat or neck pain, hoarseness, difficulty swallowing.

RESPIRATORY: Patient denies shortness of breath, cough or hemoptysis.

CARDIOVASCULAR: No chest pain, tachycardia. No orthopnea or paroxysmal nocturnal

dyspnea.

GASTROINTESTINAL: Denies abdominal pain or discomfort. Denies flatulence, nausea, vomiting or

diarrhea.

GENITOURINARY: Denies hematuria, dysuria or change in urinary frequency. Denies difficulty starting/stopping stream of urine or incontinence.

MUSCULOSKELETAL: Denies falls or pain. Denies hearing a clicking or snapping sound.

SKIN: No change of coloration such as cyanosis or jaundice, no rashes or pruritus.

 

Objective Data:

VITAL SIGNS: Temperature: 98.5 °F, Pulse: 87, BP: 159/92 mmhg, RR 20, PO2-98% on room air, Ht- 6’4”, Wt 200 lb, BMI 25. Report pain 2/10.

 

GENERAL APPREARANCE: The patient is alert and oriented x 3. No acute distress noted. NEUROLOGIC: Alert, CNII-XII grossly intact, oriented to person, place, and timeSensation intact to bilateral upper and lower extremities. Bilateral UE/LE strength 5/5.

HEENT: Head: Normocephalic, atraumatic, symmetric, non-tender. Maxillary sinuses no tenderness. Eyes: No conjunctival injection, no icterus, visual acuity and extraocular eye movements intact. No nystagmus noted. Ears: Bilateral canals patent without erythema, edema, or exudate. Bilateral tympanic membranes intact, pearly gray with sharp cone of light. Maxillary sinuses no tenderness. Nasal mucosa moist without bleeding. Oral mucosa moist without lesions,. Lids non-remarkable and appropriate for race.

 

Neck: supple without cervical lymphadenopathy, no jugular vein distention, no thyroid swelling or masses.

CARDIOVASCULAR: S1S2, regular rate and rhythm, no murmur or gallop noted. Capillary refill < 2 sec.

RESPIRATORY: No dyspnea or use of accessory muscles observed. No egophony, whispered pectoriloquy or tactile fremitus on palpation. Breath sounds presents and clear bilaterally on auscultation.

GASTROINTESTINAL: No mass or hernia observed. Upon auscultation, bowel sounds present in all four quadrants, no bruits over renal and aorta arteries. Abdomen soft non-tender, no guarding, no rebound no distention or organomegaly noted on palpation

MUSKULOSKELETAL: No pain to palpation. Active and passive ROM within normal limits, no stiffness.

INTEGUMENTARY: intact, no lesions or rashes, no cyanosis or jaundice.

 

ASSESSMENT:

Main Diagnosis

Essential (Primary) Hypertension (ICD10 I10): Given the symptoms and high blood pressure (156/92 mmhg), classified as stage 2. Once the organic cause of hypertension has been ruled out, such as renal, adrenal or thyroid, this diagnosis is confirmed (Codina Leik, 2015). Diagnosis is based on the clinical evaluation through history, physical examination, and routine laboratory tests to assess risk factors, reveal identifiable causes and detect target-organ damage, including evidence of cardiovascular disease (Domino et al,. 2017).

 

Differential diagnosis:

· Renal artery stenosis (ICD10 I70.1)

· Chronic kidney disease (ICD10 I12.9)

· Hyperthyroidism (ICD10 E05.90)

PLAN:

 

Labs and Diagnostic Test to be ordered:

· CMP

· Complete blood count (CBC)

· Lipid profile

· Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

· Urinalysis with Micro

· Electrocardiogram (EKG 12 lead)

 

Pharmacological treatment:

· Hydrochlorothiazide tab 25 mg, Initial dose: 25 mg orally once daily.

· Lisinopril 10mg PO Daily

 

Non-Pharmacologic treatment:

· Weight loss

· Healthy diet (DASH dietary pattern): Diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy products with reduced content of saturated and trans l fat

· Reduced intake of dietary sodium: <1,500 mg/d is optimal goal but at least 1,000 mg/d reduction in most adults

· Enhanced intake of dietary potassium

· Regular physical activity (Aerobic): 90–150 min/wk

· Tobacco cessation

· Measures to release stress and effective coping mechanisms.

Education

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· Provide with nutrition/dietary information.

· Daily blood pressure monitoring log at home twice a day for 7 days, keep a record, bring the record on the next visit with her PCP

· Instruction about medication intake compliance.

· Education of possible complications such as stroke, heart attack, and other problems.

· Patient was educated on course of hypertension, as well as warning signs and symptoms, which could indicate the need to attend the E.R/U.C. Answered all pt. questions/concerns. Pt verbalizes understanding to all

Follow-ups/Referrals

· Follow up appointment 1 weeks for managing blood pressure and to evaluate current hypotensive therapy.

· No referrals needed at this time.

 

 

References

Codina Leik, M. T. (2014). Family Nurse Practitioner Certification Intensive Review (2nd ed.).

ISBN 978-0-8261-3424-0

Domino, F., Baldor, R., Golding, J., Stephens, M. (2017). The 5-Minute Clinical Consult 2017

(25th ed.). Print (The 5-Minute Consult Series).

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Policies of informatics – nursing homework essays

Policies of informatics

Policies of informatics

You must proofread your paper. But do not strictly rely on your computer’s spell-checker and grammar-checker; failure to do so indicates a lack of effort on your part and you can expect your grade to suffer accordingly. Papers with numerous misspelled words and grammatical mistakes will be penalized. Read over your paper – in silence and then aloud – before handing it in and make corrections as necessary. Often it is advantageous to have a friend proofread your paper for obvious errors. Handwritten corrections are preferable to uncorrected mistakes.

Use a standard 10 to 12 point (10 to 12 characters per inch) typeface. Smaller or compressed type and papers with small margins or single-spacing are hard to read. It is better to let your essay run over the recommended number of pages than to try to compress it into fewer pages. Policies of informatics

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Likewise, large type, large margins, large indentations, triple-spacing, increased leading (space between lines), increased kerning (space between letters), and any other such attempts at “padding” to increase the length of a paper are unacceptable, wasteful of trees, and will not fool your professor.

The paper must be neatly formatted, double-spaced with a one-inch margin on the top, bottom, and sides of each page. When submitting hard copy, be sure to use white paper and print out using dark ink. If it is hard to read your essay, it will also be hard to follow your argument. Policies of informatics

ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CLASS

Discussion Questions (DQ)

Initial responses to the DQ should address all components of the questions asked, include a minimum of one scholarly source, and be at least 250 words.
Successful responses are substantive (i.e., add something new to the discussion, engage others in the discussion, well-developed idea) and include at least one scholarly source.
One or two sentence responses, simple statements of agreement or “good post,” and responses that are off-topic will not count as substantive. Substantive responses should be at least 150 words.
I encourage you to incorporate the readings from the week (as applicable) into your responses.

Weekly Participation

Your initial responses to the mandatory DQ do not count toward participation and are graded separately.
In addition to the DQ responses, you must post at least one reply to peers (or me) on three separate days, for a total of three replies.
Participation posts do not require a scholarly source/citation (unless you cite someone else’s work).
Part of your weekly participation includes viewing the weekly announcement and attesting to watching it in the comments. These announcements are made to ensure you understand everything that is due during the week.

APA Format and Writing Quality

Familiarize yourself with APA format and practice using it correctly. It is used for most writing assignments for your degree. Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for APA paper templates, citation examples, tips, etc. Points will be deducted for poor use of APA format or absence of APA format (if required).
Cite all sources of information! When in doubt, cite the source. Paraphrasing also requires a citation.
I highly recommend using the APA Publication Manual, 6th edition.

Use of Direct Quotes

I discourage overutilization of direct quotes in DQs and assignments at the Masters’ level and deduct points accordingly.
As Masters’ level students, it is important that you be able to critically analyze and interpret information from journal articles and other resources. Simply restating someone else’s words does not demonstrate an understanding of the content or critical analysis of the content.
It is best to paraphrase content and cite your source.

LopesWrite Policy

For assignments that need to be submitted to LopesWrite, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me.
Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes.
Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own?
Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score.

Late Policy

The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies.
Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.
If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect.
I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension.
As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.

Communication

Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me:
Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.
Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours.

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SWOT Analysis What Am I Missing.

SWOT Analysis What Am I Missing.

SWOT Analysis What Am I Missing.

Scenario

You are assigned to create a strategic plan that facilitates change to improve outcomes in your organization. Knowing that change is based on data, relative position within the dynamics of an organization, and a theoretical foundation, you agree to complete a SWOT analysis supported by a change theory.

Instructions

Generate a SWOT analysis that reflects an understanding of a problem within the context of the organization’s needs and potential for change. As a nurse leader or manager, develop your analysis based on a change theory to improve outcomes by addressing one of the following processes:

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  • Healing spaces
  • Retention of new nurses
  • Increase number of BSN RNs
  • Nurse leader succession planning
  • Clinical ladder

This SWOT analysis will include a description of the strengths of the proposed change, weaknesses within the context of the organization, opportunities for improving outcomes if the proposed change is implemented, and threats to the success of this proposal. A thorough analysis must include the following:

  • Identify and integrate a change theory as the foundation of your SWOT analysis justifying the selection of the theory used.
  • Description of the problem to be analyzed to promote a change and improve an outcome.
  • SWOT analysis to include the following elements:
  • Strengths of the proposal for change
  • Weakness of the proposal within the context of the organization
  • Opportunities for improved outcomes if the proposed change is implemented
  • Threats to this proposal, both internal and external to the organization.
  • Provides stated ideas with professional language and attribution for credible sources with correct APA citation, spelling, and grammar.

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Develop a 3-4 page report on how conflict can affect an organization.

Develop a 3-4 page report on how conflict can affect an organization. Describe reasons for conflict and explain the role of both functional and dysfunctional conflict in institutional change. Recommend strategies for resolving both functional and dysfunctional conflict.

 
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