BIOL 1131 Biology- Hormones are classified as water or fat soluble
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BIOL 1131 Biology
Task
Part 1 – Hormones in action
1. [3 marks] Hormones are classified as water-soluble or fat-soluble. Fat-soluble hormones directly pass through the phospholipid membrane. Water-soluble hormones require a secondary messenger. Provide three water-soluble hormones and three fat-soluble hormones in the appropriate container. An example of each one has been provided.
2. [3 marks] Answer the following True/False questions regarding steroid and peptide hormones by highlighting your answer.
a. Peptide hormones are lipid-soluble. [True / False]
b. Steroid hormones require a secondary messenger to stimulate protein synthesis in the target cells. [True / False]
c. Both steroid and peptide hormones bind to receptors like a lock-and-key. [True/False]
3. [9 marks] Complete the table below by providing the
full name
of the hormones, their functions and target organs.
|
Gland |
Hormone Produced |
Target Organ |
Hormone Function |
|
Anterior Pituitary |
Luteinizing hormone (LH) |
Testosterone production in males |
|
|
Posterior Pituitary |
Kidney |
||
|
Adrenal Medulla |
Epinephrine |
Most body cells |
|
|
Adrenal Cortex |
Increases blood volume |
||
|
Pancreas |
Glucagon |
Liver, Muscles, Adipose Tissue |
Raises blood sugar level |
|
Ovary |
Uterus |
||
|
Testes |
Reproductive organs |
Stimulates growth in reproductive organs |
4. [4 marks] The glands listed in the table above are endocrine glands. The pancreas, however is both an endocrine and an exocrine gland.
You can navigate and zoom using the tools on the bottom of the page. There is also some helpful information provided on the right side of the page. Use this, in addition to the information in your content module, to answer the following questions.
a. State one difference between endocrine and exocrine glands.
b. The exocrine portion of the pancreas secretes its products directly into the blood. [True / False]
c. The majority of the pancreas is made up of endocrine cells. [True / False]
d. Islands of “lightly stained” endocrine cells exist within the “darkly stained” exocrine cells. [True / False ]
Part 2 – Endocrine Disorders
5. You are a freshly minted endocrinologist (a physician who has specialized in disorders related to the endocrine system). You received the following lab test results on several patients summarized in the chart below. Answer the questions that follow to assure that you are ready for the job.
|
Disorder |
Symptoms |
Lab Test Results |
|
Acromegaly |
Enlarged hands and feet, excessive sweating, fatigue, muscle weakness, pain, limited joint mobility |
Elevated levels of insulin-like growth factor I |
|
Addison’s Disease |
Fatigue, increased pigment in the skin, weight loss, muscle weakness |
Low sodium, high potassium, high ACTH, low cortisol in the blood |
|
Cushing’s Syndrome |
Backache, anxiety, muscle weakness, extra fat deposits on the back of the neck and upper back (aka “buffalo hump”), females may experience irregular menstrual cycle |
High levels of cortisol in the blood |
|
Diabetes Insipidus |
Frequent urination, excessive thirst |
Normal blood glucose level, no glucose in the urine, low ADH level in the blood |
|
Hyperparathyroidism |
Excessive thirst, weak or broken bones, fatigue, nausea |
High calcium and parathyroid hormone levels in the blood |
|
Hyperthyroidism |
Elevated body temp, extreme sweating, nervousness, rapid heart rate, weight loss, irregular menstrual cycle in females |
High thyroxine and low TSH in the blood |
|
Hypothyroidism |
Fatigue, muscle weakness, depression, weight gain, low body temperature, intolerant of cold |
Low thyroxine and high TSH in the blood |
|
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) |
Acne, unwanted hair growth, weight gain, fatigue, infertility, mood changes, sleep problems |
Elevated levels of testosterone and LH, low levels of FSH in blood |
a. [1 mark] What type of sample was used for
all
the lab tests? [urine / blood]
b. [1 mark] Why is the sample type you chose in 6a the preferred sample for lab tests in diagnosing endocrine disorders?
c. [1 mark] Hyperthyroidism is a condition caused by high levels of thyroxine (T4) released into the blood from the thyroid gland. Name one other hormone produced by the thyroid gland.
6. A 28-year-old woman has complained of menstrual irregularities and infertility despite actively trying to get pregnant for 14 months. She also mentioned that she has to wax her face a lot of hair growth that doesn’t align with her gender identity.
a. [1 mark] Which of the disorders listed in the table is this patient likely to have?
b. [2 marks] Once you identify the disorder, which specific hormone in the associated lab test results is likely responsibly for the unwanted hair growth? Provide a brief explanation.
Part 3 – Feedback Loops
The endocrine system plays an important role in homeostasis because hormones regulate the activity of body cells. The release of hormones into the blood is controlled by a stimulus. For example, the stimulus either causes an increase or a decrease in the amount of hormone secreted. A typical example is the homeostasis of blood sugar, which is maintained by the pancreatic hormones, insulin and glucagon. An effective way of summarizing the mechanisms by which hormones maintain homeostasis is using a feedback loop. For example, the feedback loop for blood sugar looks like this:
7. [8 marks] Using the blood sugar homeostasis feedback loop as a template, create a feedback loop for blood calcium homeostasis.
BIOL 1131 Biology
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Tellus molestie nunc non blandit massa enim nec dui. Tellus molestie nunc non blandit massa enim nec dui. Ac tortor vitae purus faucibus ornare suspendisse sed nisi. Pharetra et ultrices neque ornare aenean euismod. Pretium viverra suspendisse potenti nullam ac tortor vitae. Morbi quis commodo odio aenean sed. At consectetur lorem donec massa sapien faucibus et. Nisi quis eleifend quam adipiscing vitae proin sagittis nisl rhoncus. Duis at tellus at urna condimentum mattis pellentesque. Vivamus at augue eget arcu dictum varius duis at. Justo donec enim diam vulputate ut. Blandit libero volutpat sed cras ornare arcu. Ac felis donec et odio pellentesque diam volutpat commodo. Convallis a cras semper auctor neque. Tempus iaculis urna id volutpat lacus. Tortor consequat id porta nibh.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Hac habitasse platea dictumst vestibulum rhoncus est pellentesque. Amet dictum sit amet justo donec enim diam vulputate ut. Neque convallis a cras semper auctor neque vitae. Elit at imperdiet dui accumsan. Nisl condimentum id venenatis a condimentum vitae sapien pellentesque. Imperdiet massa tincidunt nunc pulvinar sapien et ligula. Malesuada fames ac turpis egestas maecenas pharetra convallis posuere. Et ultrices neque ornare aenean euismod. Suscipit tellus mauris a diam maecenas sed enim. Potenti nullam ac tortor vitae purus faucibus ornare. Morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada. Morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada. Tellus pellentesque eu tincidunt tortor aliquam. Sit amet purus gravida quis blandit. Nec feugiat in fermentum posuere urna. Vel orci porta non pulvinar neque laoreet suspendisse interdum. Ultricies tristique nulla aliquet enim tortor at auctor urna. Orci sagittis eu volutpat odio facilisis mauris sit amet.
Tellus molestie nunc non blandit massa enim nec dui. Tellus molestie nunc non blandit massa enim nec dui. Ac tortor vitae purus faucibus ornare suspendisse sed nisi. Pharetra et ultrices neque ornare aenean euismod. Pretium viverra suspendisse potenti nullam ac tortor vitae. Morbi quis commodo odio aenean sed. At consectetur lorem donec massa sapien faucibus et. Nisi quis eleifend quam adipiscing vitae proin sagittis nisl rhoncus. Duis at tellus at urna condimentum mattis pellentesque. Vivamus at augue eget arcu dictum varius duis at. Justo donec enim diam vulputate ut. Blandit libero volutpat sed cras ornare arcu. Ac felis donec et odio pellentesque diam volutpat commodo. Convallis a cras semper auctor neque. Tempus iaculis urna id volutpat lacus. Tortor consequat id porta nibh.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Hac habitasse platea dictumst vestibulum rhoncus est pellentesque. Amet dictum sit amet justo donec enim diam vulputate ut. Neque convallis a cras semper auctor neque vitae. Elit at imperdiet dui accumsan. Nisl condimentum id venenatis a condimentum vitae sapien pellentesque. Imperdiet massa tincidunt nunc pulvinar sapien et ligula. Malesuada fames ac turpis egestas maecenas pharetra convallis posuere. Et ultrices neque ornare aenean euismod. Suscipit tellus mauris a diam maecenas sed enim. Potenti nullam ac tortor vitae purus faucibus ornare. Morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada. Morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada. Tellus pellentesque eu tincidunt tortor aliquam. Sit amet purus gravida quis blandit. Nec feugiat in fermentum posuere urna. Vel orci porta non pulvinar neque laoreet suspendisse interdum. Ultricies tristique nulla aliquet enim tortor at auctor urna. Orci sagittis eu volutpat odio facilisis mauris sit amet.
Tellus molestie nunc non blandit massa enim nec dui. Tellus molestie nunc non blandit massa enim nec dui. Ac tortor vitae purus faucibus ornare suspendisse sed nisi. Pharetra et ultrices neque ornare aenean euismod. Pretium viverra suspendisse potenti nullam ac tortor vitae. Morbi quis commodo odio aenean sed. At consectetur lorem donec massa sapien faucibus et. Nisi quis eleifend quam adipiscing vitae proin sagittis nisl rhoncus. Duis at tellus at urna condimentum mattis pellentesque. Vivamus at augue eget arcu dictum varius duis at. Justo donec enim diam vulputate ut. Blandit libero volutpat sed cras ornare arcu. Ac felis donec et odio pellentesque diam volutpat commodo. Convallis a cras semper auctor neque. Tempus iaculis urna id volutpat lacus. Tortor consequat id porta nibh.
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