Compare the pathogens discussed in the previous chapters with zoonotic pathogens.
Compare the pathogens discussed in the previous chapters with zoonotic pathogens.
Compare the pathogens discussed in the previous chapters with zoonotic pathogens.
Compare the pathogens discussed in the previous chapters with zoonotic pathogens.
- Discuss what the different characteristics are
- Describe how they cause disease
- Explain the transmission processes.
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ch14_lecture_ppt.pptx
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ch14_lecture_ppt.pptx
Microbiology FUNDAMENTALS A Clinical Approach Third Edition
Marjorie Kelly Cowan
&
Heidi Smith
with
Jennifer Lusk
BSN RN CCRN
©McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 14
Disorders in Immunity
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Learning Outcomes Section 14.1
Define immunopathology, and describe the two major categories of immune dysfunction.
Identify the four major categories of hypersensitivities, or overreactions to antigens.
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Immune Response: A Two-Sided Coin(1)
The human immune system is powerful and intricate, with the potential to cause injury and disease
Defects in the immune system can range from hay fever to dermatitis
Abnormal immune functions are involved in:
Asthma
Anaphylaxis
Diabetes
Rheumatoid arthritis
Graft rejection
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Immune Response(2)
Immunopathology: the study of disease states associated with the overreactivity or underreactivity of the immune response
Hypersensitivity or overreactivity:
Allergy and autoimmunity
Tissues are attacked by immunologic functions that cannot distinguish between self and nonself
Hyposensitivity or immunodeficiency:
Immune system is incompletely developed, suppressed, or destroyed
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Disorders of the Immune System
Courtesy Baylor College of Medicine, Public Affairs (primary); ©McGraw-Hill Education/Christopher Kerrigan, photographer (secondary); ©Pixtal/age fotostock (type I); ©Roc Canals Photography/Getty Images (type II); ©Dynamic Graphics/JupiterImages (type III); ©BW Folsom/Shutterstock (type IV)
Jump to long description
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Hypersensitivity: Four Types
Type I: “common” allergy and anaphylaxis
Type II: IgG- and IgM-mediated cell damage
Type III: immune complex
Type IV: T-cell response
| Type | Systems and Mechanisms Involved | Examples | |
| I | Immediate hypersensitivity | IgE-mediated; involves mast cells, basophils, and allergic mediators | Anaphylaxis, allergies such as hay fever, asthma |
| II | Antibody-mediated | IgG, IgM antibodies act upon cells with complement and cause cell lysis; includes some autoimmune diseases | Blood group incompatibility; pernicious anemia; myasthenia gravis |
| III | Immune complex-mediated | Antibody-mediated inflammation; circulating IgG complexes deposited in basement membranes of target organs; includes some autoimmune diseases | Systemic lupus erythematosus; rheumatoid arthritis; serum sickness; rheumatic fever |
| IV | T-cell-mediated | Delayed hypersensitivity and cytotoxic reactions in tissues; includes some autoimmune diseases | Infection reactions; contact dermatitis; graft rejection |
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Concept Check (1)
Which of the following is not a result of an abnormal or undesirable immune function?
Asthma
Anaphylaxis
Contact dermatitis
Fever
Lupus
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Learning Outcomes Section 14.2
Summarize genetic and environmental factors that influence allergy development.
Identify three conditions caused by IgE-mediated allergic reactions.
Identify the two clinical forms of anaphylaxis, explaining why one is more often fatal than the other.
List the three main ways to prevent or short-circuit type I allergic reactions.
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Type I Allergic Reactions: Atopy and Anaphylaxis
Allergy: exaggerated immune response that is manifested by inflammation
Allergens: innocuous substances that induce allergy in sensitive individuals
Atopy: chronic local allergy such as hay fever or asthma
Anaphylaxis: systemic, sometimes fatal, reaction that involves airway obstruction and circulatory collapse
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